Gender Inequality In Family

Gender Inequality In Family In this essay I would like to demonstrate that achieving a greater equality in terms of reconciliation of professional and family life requires policies that not only introduce changes in labour market patterns, but also within the private sphere of family. This is to say, the reconceptualisation of womens and mens roles cannot be achieved without the political will descending from above and common social agreement emanating from below. Further along the essay, I am going to complement the theoretical arguments with some practical examples from the European context in order to discuss to what extent family policies enhance or diminish equality between men and women. Demographic changes towards new family patterns One of numerous attributes of the post-industrial era could be defined in terms of feminist claims for gender equality. Indeed, women demands have been part of policy arena in most post-industrial countries. As individuals, women firstly demanded the detachment from their traditional roles of housewives. Later on, due to demographic changes such as low fertility, womens issues became one of the top priorities on political agenda. This time, however, women reclaimed their rights not only as workers, but also as mothers. This political turn shouldnt be regarded as nostalgia for the male bread-winner model. In effect, tough conditions of labour market and economic hardship put women under pressure in terms of making a trade-off between having a family and pursuing a professional career. Subsequently, since a large proportion of women opted for stability employment rather than precariousness providing free care, the fertility rate has started dropping rapidly. Since the societys reprod uction buttresses future states economy, it remains highly questionable if national policies, originally purported to tackle gender inequality, are not more likely to be driven by political preoccupation of deleterious consequences of low fertility on productivity, profitability and competitivity of a country. The fact that until today most of the political effort to eradicate gender equality concentrated on labour market adjustments rather than finding real answers in the core of the problem in family patterns confirms the hypothesis of governments hypocrisy. From the theoretical perspective Although welfare regimes have been more or less successful in equalizing men and women in the labour market, the fact that women still perform the bulk of domestic work gives evidence about the ineffectiveness of these policies in terms of gender equity. In the theoretical field, scholars positions towards the relationship between family and gender have been rather convergent. According to Daly and Lewis (2000) the relationship between family and state has used to be defined in terms of level of contribution of individual to the labour market. Taking this criterion as a universal measure of human ´s contribution, the non-remunerated care giving activities would be therefore omitted since their social value would be considered as negligible. Although this definition would probably more likely correspond to the definition traditional society of industrial era, residues do persist in Western countries persist in form of assigning women to the private sphere of family, while stressing the duties of men as the bread-winners and therefore, the only actors in the public sphere. In tandem with the disproportional relationship between men and women, Lewis (2002:332), for instance, highlights the unequal relationship between women and labour market. She contends that women are only taken into account when working, whereas women that stay at home and care for child ren have not being recognized as legitimate enough to the contribution to the society. This is to say that despite the fact that female participation on the labour market increased steadily during the last twenty years, no considerable change has been achieved at the household level, where the majority of domestic tasks, including cleaning and child rearing activities, continues to be performed by women (Lewis, 2002). On a similar note, Fraser(1994) tries to define the post-industrial welfare regimes through two models. The universal caregiver model (1994:593) assumes men and women as autonomous individuals and aims to attain the gender equity through the guarantee of equal opportunities and equal treatment in the labour market. The other one Caregiver parity model (1994:593) aims to reach gender equity through the support of informal care and generous caregiver allowances. However, because both models are in some aspect discriminating, they fail to alter the gendered conditions of employment and reproduction and therefore, to respond to womens demands. Fraser thus deems that gender equity can only be achieved through the dismantlement of gender opposition between breadwinning and caregiving (Fraser, 1994:611). In other words, the key to achieving gender equity in a postindustrial welfare state is to make womens current patterns the norm (Ibid.). Frasers universal caregiver approach considers ch ildcare responsibilities as the alpha omega of persistent gender inequalities of current welfare systems. Peter McDonald (2002) suggests that in societies where women are treated as autonomous individuals in education and labour market, but as inferior beings in other social male dominated institutions, they are more likely to opt to not to have children. This argument would reinforce his hypothesis that low fertility rate in industrialized countries is most probably due to a persistent gender inequalities since the women willingness to have children didnt change. Surveys such as those conducted my McDonald and Fraser place the issues of childcare at the centre of recent policy making interest. For the reasons discussed above, challenges Western societies are facing since the last two decades specifically the low birth rate, longevity risk and ageing population problem have become more pronounced and have force the policy- making authorities to introduce changes not only in the public sphere, but also in the private sphere. In the second part of my essay, I am going to provide some empirical support from Netherlands and Sweden which tried to tackle the low fertility with gender neutral policies premised on reconciliation of family and work lives. Reconciliation policies in EU In 1997, the Dutch government launched the Combination Scenario programme aimed to promote equal sharing of time between paid and unpaid work among men and women. Since the Dutch culture is based on strong attachment to private and informal care (Platenga et al., 1999), the policy goal was to be achieved through widening employment patterns rather than providing extensive childcare services. Long male and short female working hours were supposed to be equalized through policies such as shorter working week. Nonetheless, whereas public opinion hailed new measures, outcomes of the latter remained far from the initial goal. Part-time contract did not diminish mens working hours, but moreover, it even pronounced the inequality of labour market since women (and not men) continued to opt for part-time contracts in order to care for their children. Platenga et al. therefore conclude: an increase in the amount of time spent in the market without any corresponding change in the organization of unpaid work will not only slow down any progress made towards gender equality, but will also have detrimental effects on the quality of our lives. (1999:109) Here again, the failure of Dutch initiative could be a consequence of putting too much emphasis into the promotion of changes in employment patterns rather than in equal distribution of care time. Some authors suggest that such working-time regimes can either promote or diminish gender equality (Rubery et al, 1998 in Platenga et al, 1999). This would depend on to what extent the institutions and political environment are favourable toward these changes. In the Dutch case, despite the public willingness of change, part-time work continued to be considered as a deviation from full-time norm as well as the care work persisted to be understood as womens responsibility and was therefore, undervalued (Platenga et al., 1999) Unlike other EU countries, Sweden, for instance, has a long history of active women participation in public sphere. Since 1970 women represented up to 50% of elected representatives at all levels of governance (Hantrais, 2000). The women -friendliness of Nordic welfare systems is supposed to be premised on this active female participation in politics. The Nordic model, also called the dual-breadwinner model is women-friendly in the sense of allowing women to participate in public life and on the same time, allowing the reconciliation of motherhood and paid work. Moreover, in 1974 the maternity leave had been replaced by gender neutral parental leave that hitherto enabled men to actively participate in child rearing (Ibid). Although the generosity of Nordic child subventions cant be disputed, Scandinavian welfare system can be also discriminating for some women. Shalev (2008) claims that mother friendly state interventions can have detrimental effects for the labour market attainments of high class women by relegating their type of employment to the public sector and subsequently, limiting their access to high managerial positions. Premised on the idea that childhood determines peoples lifecourse, the post-industrial societies should consider the investment in children as a sine qua non for sustainable development of knowledge economy (Esping-Andersen, 2002). However, due to the cultural differences, the debate about whether support for childcare should be provided through childcare allowances (Netherlands) or whether families should rather benefit from childcare facilities (Sweden) dominates the European agenda. Lewis (2006) contends that increasing attention to children in the political agenda is a result of their future role as adult citizens rather than their role as child qua child (Lewis, 2006:43). As a counter-argument , Esping-Andersen concludes that there is no empirical evidence that mothers work could have detrimental impact on childrens development (Esping-Andersen, 2002). Other authors, however, suggest that key success of equal gender treatment consists in concentrating in private sphere instead o f putting too much effort into the public sphere (Lewis 2006, McDonald 2002). In opposition to the Nordic model, where parents benefit from extensive childcare facilities, some authors deem that care provided by parents themselves cannot be substituted by any public service no matter how good it is (Folbre and Nelson, 2000). In addition to this, Etzioni (1993) deems that the transmission of informal values and norms is more likely to happen in private sphere of family. Subsequently, children socialized in childcare facilities would suffer from lack of so-called parental deficit (Ibid). From the theoretical debate it is difficult and inappropriate to make generalizations about what kind of care is more suitable for children. On the other hand, Lewis argues convincingly that evidence shows a shift in parents opinion about time spent with children from being assumed as a duty to as an important part of self-fulfilment (Lewis, 2006). This is also to say that more fathers have begun to consider their involvement in rearing activities. In Sweden, the fathers month, designed to convince more fathers to take up the parental insurance benefit, was backed up by important political support of so-called fathers group that campaigned for men to perform their role as fathers in taking the parental leave (Hantrais, 2000: 170-1). Successful strategies to tackle gender equality and reconcile work and family life, need to include combined strategies (Esping-Andersen, 2002:66) that would guarantee security through income assurance for those who want to take parental leave and also, measures to provide a stable support for mothers employment, since unemployed and single mothers face the highest poverty risk (European Commission, 2007). Monoparental families at the edge of poverty Despite measures intended to secure access to women into the labour market, solo mothers and lone-parent households continue to be the most vulnerable cohort in term of facing the risk of poverty and unemployment. By the same means, exclusion and poverty in lone-parents household is more likely to become a long-term phenomenon, since childrens development depends on parental and social investment and is very likely to be reproduced (Esping-Andersen, 2002). Following the Report enacted by European Commission, women constitute almost totality of lone parents with an exception of United Kingdom, Denmark, Poland and Germany, where the percentage of young fathers under age 35 varies from 17% (United Kingdom ) up to 25% (in Denmark) (EC, 2007:3). The singleness of lone mothers makes their position in society extremely vulnerable: unlike other forms of family, solo mothers face the double pressure to combine child care and breadwinner responsibilities on the same time. Although some critique could be raised towards Scandinavian welfare systems, Nordic countries occupy the top positions of international rankings and this is unconditionally of the type of conducted survey. However, the application of this model to the rest of European countries would require deep structural changes, especially in terms of more generous budget. Ergo, in the European continental context of scarce budget resources, lone mothers that opt for childcare benefits instead of paid employment, condemn themselves to be more vulnerable to poverty. The key issue to avoid this scenario stems from securing enough flexibility of labour market, so that lone mothers can combine the pleasure of motherhood with a decent employment. Conclusion In this essay I tried to demonstrate that increased individualization which considers men and women as autonomous individuals freed from their family and gender responsibilities does not suffice to guarantee equal conditions for every individual. Subsequently, women become more vulnerable and risk either exclusion from welfare either pressure from labour market. From the theoretical perspective, most of the authors agree that assuring reliable security net requires adjustments of social and working structures to the family, and not to the market. For example, one of the positive outcomes of the Netherlands Combination Scenario had been the application of legal minimum wage to all employees regardless of the amount of working hours (Platenga et al., 1999). This is to say that in order to avoid mens and womens occupational segregation, policy-making authorities should guarantee sufficient adjustment of child care allowances and employment policies so both, men and women can equally con tribute to paid and unpaid work.

Non governmental organizations

Non-government organizations are organizations that are not controlled by government and are non profit making. Their purpose is to provide a service or object in which they are formed for they offer social welfare services to workers and communities in which they operate they play a major role in the society because they determine family structures, family relation and also the education system that would produce effective man power for them and others. NGO, s has control over political power nationality and even power over borders. (Steve. Witt. (2005)They also contribute to the needs of the poor, deals with issues of the religion in a given area and hence impact heavily on the attitude and values that a given community adapts to. NGO, s helps in the contribution of the humanitarian affairs that serve the communities interests. NGO, s also deals with national and multilateral policy making and even local actions, .NGO, s provides employment to the citizens and assist in matters of dividing international authority, help to research, assess, report and publicize details on behalf of those accountable to them. (K.Rodman, (1998).They also deal with stability and security issues. Most non-government doesn’t depend heavily on the government for funding but the government may assist them partially with funds. They thus do not involve government representative within their organization and they also don't involve them in their decision making process.AREAS OF INEFFECTIVENESS, UNACCOUTABILITY AND   Ã‚  Ã‚   ELITIST NATURE OF NGO, SNon-governmental organizations are supposed to be effective on their objectives and also accountable to those they serve. However, this non government organization have increasingly failed by being unaccountable to those they are supposed to work for, they have continually been ineffective in their performance and they have adapted to elitist nature whereby they segregate themselves from others and only work for their own selfish in terest and for the interest of those whose status they consider important to their affairs and has influential power that makes them be treated preferentially this attitude can be termed as a mechanism of elite capture. (Steve. Witt. (2005) â™ «The ineffectiveness, the unaccountability and the elitist nature of NGO, s is evident among much renowned organization and this can be seen to be true when one assesses their performance with regard to the current debate on good governance and civil society. (K.Rodman, (1998).Roles of good governanceThe current debate on good governance and civil society emphasizes on peace building, democratization, quality leadership, responsibility and proper civil institutions. NGO, s should assist in helping in peace building in countries in which they are situated, they should be involved in the resolving existing issues in the country for example by  Ã‚   helping to find solutions to a countries conflicting issues when they arise, mediating disput ing groups when there are ethnic tensions caused by political instability, coming up with measures that will reduce tribalism, nepotism and corruption, help in recovering the economy when the country is experiencing economic depression, assisting the needy   in their surrounding environment for example when natural disaster arise such as flood, earthquake ,terrorist attacks among others, Stabilizing political turmoil being experienced in that particular country and many other issues. (K.Rodman, (1998).However, the current non-government organization do not engage themselves with this issues on the contrary instead of doing this, the NGO, s have left this in the ruin of government and civil societies. Non-governmental organizations have also in some instances contributed to peace downfall by supporting one side of the worrying groups rather than being neutral. They tend to favor that group that have influential power and assumes those who are less powerful.This has made them to be unaccountable and untrustworthy and cannot be depended upon by both the government and the members of the societies who would have otherwise depended on them. The management allows political influences when making decisions which imposes a negative impact to all the organization stakeholders and employees who oppose the decision on the basis that they are not consulted and. this causes conflicts, lots of job turn over, redundancy and withdrawal and this leads to job inefficiency. (K.Rodman, (1998).They have been ineffective with regards to matters of enhancing democratization. This is because they have indulged in politics funding complains and supporting certain politicians who have influence upon them and this has contributed heavily in the reduction of democracy as they do not play their role as pressure group to pressurize the government to observe democracy.Non governmental organization have also been ineffective to help in matters of maturation of nation’s policy and ec onomy other than participating in development and transformations, this organizations involve in the achievement of their own interest that is; what will benefit them other than what will be beneficial to all who are accountable to them, they pursue their own goals without incorporating the objectives of government and civil societies and this leads to lack of goals commonality hence retarding the government policies such as poverty and illiteracy eradication.LeadershipLeadership and quality management are important for any country or institution to have good governance. Non governmental organization are poorly managed because of lack of qualified staff because the recruitment of workforce is based not on technical competence and merit, but on favoritism and thus the management have no proper management skills, the employees under such management thus work with a lot of skepticism and heavy opposition and most of them resist changes and all the rules that the management enforces and this leads to difficulties in implementation of proper practices, policies and procedures that are fundamental in developing strategies that ensures that organizations objectives are met. (K.Rodman, (1998).This also has led to poor selection of policies and allocation of resources. The leadership style in current non-governmental organization is that of authoritative and bureaucratic which ignores human elements due to impersonality of interpersonal relations. This style of leadership imposes rules, norms and procedures to be followed. The leaders make decisions and demands everyone to follow, they do not allow the other members of staff to be involved when making decisions and they harshly react when the rules they enforces are not properly followed this causes slow development, work delays, inefficiency and frustrations to citizens, employees and any other stakeholders and this reduces the effectiveness of NGO, s as a whole. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),Corruption eradication is a key i ssue in good governance especially in Africa. . NGO, s are faced with issues of corruption where they demands bribery to assist in matters they were supposed to deliver to the citizens without demanding any form of payment and this makes them unaccountable to those who rightfully depended on their services. (sH.Englund, (2004) There’s also a lot of misappropriation of funds and lack of proper fund management. This causes inadequate funding leading to shortage of resources to implement their policies and this can also eventually lead to the liquidation of the organization. When organization funds are mismanaged it causes serious implications, which makes the organization unaccountable and inefficient, which leads them to a step back to transparency and accountability. This vice has passed on to civil societies and government at large.Environmental issuesNGO, s engages in activities that are harmful to the surrounding environment. This is by social unethical and unaccountable a ctivities. For example, they may engage in activities that involves emissions of exhaustive gases that pollute the environment or even have technological machinery that produce disturbing noises around the environment they are situated in.They often do not take   proper measures and responsibility   to eradicate this implication arguing that since they are a non profit making organizations, members of the communities should take care of their environment and the fact that they are in needs of the organizations   services   they should allow them to deliver them respectfully without dealing with environmental issues. This causes negative impacts to the community and it has hampered the life of the society and animals especially where there is water and air pollution. They can be termed as negligence of the virtue of accountability to the society.( K.Rodman, (1998).NGO, s has turned into a mechanism of elite capture. They tend to involve only the elite in formulation of their policies. (H.Englund, (2004) There is lack of representation of civil society as a whole and the marginalized social movements are sidelined. Regional consultative of African non-governmental organizations, s and civil society organization lay foundation for the governance forum stressed on role of women in leadership. It has been observed that there is evident gender inequality within these organizations.Few non government organizations in Africa have observed this as few women are employed or hold decision making positions in management of NGO, s. the elites in NGO, s have various skills that they can utilize in government running but they are trapped in the NGO, s. in addition, instead of involving the locals to do various jobs they subcontract them. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),NGO, s has been ineffective because of selective area of operations. They concentrate in certain areas than the others. This makes those sidelined areas not to enjoy their operations. The NGO, s may not operate in certain areas that have poor infrastructure, lack of effective communications and lack of technology. This has led to unequal distribution of resources. The NGO, s have not helped in establishment of proper running civil institutions and instead they leave this role to the government  ConclusionIn order to ensures that non-governmental organizations work effectively and successfully there is need to ensure that there is interactions of workers, formal and informal groups, government itself and any other influential factors to the organization. Democratic involvement by this organization should be considered as it is equally and critically important in enhancing the effectiveness of this organization. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),   They should be committed to implement their services to all interested stakeholders successfully.They should also avoid favoritism and avoid authoritative leadership and adapt to other ways of leading that will bring about motivation and morale of workers in the organization. Non governmental organizations should also ensure that they take responsibility and take the necessary actions required of them when their activities imposes harm to the surrounding environment. (Steve. Witt. (2005) They should also ensure that all non-governmental organizations are effective, efficient and accountable and are not expressed as mechanism of elitist capture. References:l   Steve. Witt. (2005). Changing roles of NGO, s in the creation.l   Sangeeta Kamat. (2002), development hegemony, American university pressl   Carrie Meyer, (1999), The economics and politics of NGO, s in Latin American; praeger publisher.l   Maha abreirahman, (2004), the politics of NGO, s in Egypt; the American university press 5H.Teegen(2003) international NGO, s as global institution; Journals of international managementl   K.Rodman, (1998). Think globally; vol 12l   Daniel .a. Bell and Jean Marc (2004) university pressl   H.Englund, (2004), prisoners of freedom ; human rights and Africa poor.l   S, Goonahlak, (2006). Journal, foreign fundedl   Lyal.s.Sunga, (2003), NGO, s involvement in international human rights monitoring

Gender Identity Free Or Predetermined Essay - 965 Words

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A Study On Male Child Sexual Abuse Survivors - 968 Words

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Sexual abuse can be well defined as sexual assaults and sexual exploitation of the individual, which include the following: Rape, Incest, Molestation and Voyeurism. An assortment of 15 empirical studies will compare and contrast their findings of psychological sexual abuse and trauma recovery. Individuals that are victims of sexual abuse can undergo many issues for the victim to inflict upon. Despite the fact that sexual abuse does mark males, women are at a higher rateRead MoreChildhood Sexual Abuse : A Complex Multiphasic Process Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesThe development of sexuality is a complex multiphasic process. Many factors influence the process. Developing healthy sexual identity, expression, function, and relationship is not an easy task for the most people. Childhood sexual abuse makes the already complicate process even more so (Firestone, Firestone, Catlett, 2006). Abusers impose adult sexual desire to their child victims. The victimized children associate intimacy with negative feelings and thoughts such as shame and fear. Therefore

What Is The Purpose Of Life Essay - 1825 Words

Why Live? What is the purpose of life? What drives you to wake up every morning? Aristotle says through his lectures later published in Nicomachean Ethics that humans ought to have a purpose, an end goal, which they are constantly striving for. Aristotle defines this end goal as â€Å"happiness.† However, his definition is different than our modern definition. He says, â€Å"Since happiness is a certain sort of activity of the soul in accord with complete virtue, we must explore virtue† (16). Happiness is not a feeling; it is a state of being. He says that we are responsible for our own happiness because we have rational souls composed of two parts: intellectual and moral. Each is composed of virtues, which are moral characteristics to practice in our daily life. The virtues are courage, generosity, moderation, wit, truthfulness, friendliness, magnificence, magnanimity, and mildness. By possessing these virtues we feel accomplished and are closer to achieving the highes t human good. No one can achieve these virtues for us. We must do it ourselves thus making us directly responsible for our own happiness. These virtues make us happy because they are desires of the soul and give us a sense of accomplishment. Aristotle says that we are responsible for our own happiness because we can rationally and consciously choose to live a virtuous life to reach the highest human good. Humans are the only beings that are responsible for their own happiness, since we are capable of reason. ThisShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Purpose Of Life?1619 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Is The Purpose Of Life? Probably the MVP of questions, What is the purpose of life?, Has come across all of mankinds thought s some time or another and for each individual, it is plausible that they pondered this topic on numerous occasions throughout their life s. Many people find solace in their religions, others look to the ancients and the stars, while some, just trust in nature. Maybe within all of these outlooks, you can find truths about the meaning of life, but is the meaningRead MoreWhat Is The Purpose Of Life?1021 Words   |  5 PagesSophia Cazanas Cazanas 1 October 21, 2014 IDH1001 Professor Adam Gorelick Dharma What is the purpose of life? Does everyone have a set of moral codes? In the novel, Ramayana, written by R.K. Narayan, the purpose of life and morality codes are examined and observed by the characters. This story is an ancient Indian epic and is considered to be a â€Å"sweeping tale of abduction, battle, and courtship played out in a universe thronged with heroes, deities, and demons.† This Indian myth is â€Å"one ofRead MoreWhat is the Purpose of Life? Essay4196 Words   |  17 Pages Theories on man’s development from a state of nature into politics and the present have all been an attempt to understand the purpose of life. After all, a look at what man was like before politics should give some sense of what his initial aims were. However, the ends of mankind have never been agreed upon, with ideas ranging from simple survival to complex interrelations of populations on a global scale. Perhaps the best way to define the ends of the individual would be that those ends must beRead MoreWhat Makes A Purpose Life Coach825 Words   |  4 PagesHow to become a Purpose Life Coach Look around you. What do you find the most? Helpers or Opposers? People think it is easy to downgrade someone. They find it easy to pull down others but they don’t know that it is easier to uplift them, to help them find the purpose of their life. Coaching someone to find the purpose of his/her life is the most peaceful and soul-satisfying job. It is easy to help people and easy to become a Purpose Life Coach. Introduction: A Purpose Life Coach helps his clientsRead MoreWhat Gives People a Purpose in Life? Essay814 Words   |  4 Pagesplays in the universe (Taylor, 2003). For example, â€Å"Why are we here† and â€Å"What will happen to us after we die?† The majority of us don’t know the answers to these questions. Thus, many people want to belong to a religion because it gives them a sense of security in the universe. It may also provide guidance in their life. I assume it’s easier to live with some sort of explanation, even if it’s incorrect. When asked, â€Å"What religion do you practice?† I reply, â€Å"I am an atheist.† I simply lack beliefRead MoreUtilitarians Ethic and Politics: What is the Purpose of Human Life?1655 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the purpose of human life? Describe utilitarians ethic and politic. What should Wonder Woman do? Wonder Woman just wake up this morning , and learn from the news that a boat is sinking in the Odra. and 30 people are in life threatening. She is almost outside of the window ready to go to save some lives when she realizes that in the park next to her home some friends are doing a barbecue. As she really would like to go the barbecue she starts to have an internal struggle. What ought WonderRead MoreWhat Is The Purpose Of Human Life? Who Are We? And Is Reality Real?1271 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the purpose of human life? Who are we? and Is reality real? All questions that have been asked at least once in each humans lifetime. Metaphysical questions such as these are important to ask because they’re so complex that most humans are convinced that they are unable to answer them or are convinced that these questions are ones that are absolutely impossible to answer. As humans, we grow up questioning the reality around us and we are led to believe that we will never have an answer forRead MoreWhat Does It Mean You Live A Life Of Meaning And Purpose? Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesWhat does it mean to live a life of meaning and purpose? We have examined this question through at least five different authors, in different time periods, and through different ideas. However, the common idea has remained the same, have faith in God. For a human to live a life of meaning and purpose he must understand the truths of the natural world and the differences between what is good and evil. Jesus set an example for humans in his stories written by Matthew by displaying the ultimate faithRead MoreObtaining A Life Of Meaning And Purpose In Life Is Something1579 Words   |  7 PagesObtaining a life of meaning and purpose in life is something that every human being struggles with. Trying to find yourself and locate your value in society. Even today it’s one of the biggest struggles. That feeling of acceptance comes from everything, your back round, your race, y our skin color, your religious belief, your political belief. God intended for us to be here in this world but he leaves your meaning and purpose for you to find and seek it through whatever lessons and teachings you findRead MoreThe Fall Wind Is Blowing852 Words   |  4 PagesEvery human being has a purpose. They may have been born to save a life, fight for our country, or live in a box but no matter what they choose to do in life they still serve a purpose to our community, country, and world. They were born with a purpose. Purpose is defined as, â€Å"the reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists† (Oxford Dictionary). The fall wind is blowing, the leaves are changing on the big maple tree in a backyard with a five year old sitting on her

Relationships in Little Women and Cats in the Cradle Free Essays

Relationships in Little Women and Cats in the Cradle Relationships can be positive or negative. Varied perceptions define the nature of relationships as positive or negative. The effects of positive and negative relationships have lasting consequences on individuals; having both a positive and negative aspect in each relationship assists humankind but negative relationships is the build up of decisions and actions that have negative impacts. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationships in Little Women and Cats in the Cradle or any similar topic only for you Order Now Loyalty is one of the fundamental traits that are present in a positive relationship. However, little loyalty can lead to deterioration in a person’s quality of life, happiness and connection with the people involved in that relationship. The relationships in ‘Little Women’ by Louisa May Alcott and ‘Cats in the Cradle’ by Harry Chapin shows many different views of positive and negative relationships. Positive and negative relationships are defined by varied perceptions of the characters. Having both a positive and negative aspect in each relationship assists humankind to develop, learn, be happy and survive. Positive relationships are evident in ‘Little Women’ by Louisa May Alcott as well as negative relationships throughout the March family – this shows that they are not a perfect family and even though Little Women is set in the 1860’s, families today can relate to the relationship shown between the March family, especially the relationship Meg, Jo, Amy and Beth have with each other. They fight, love, care and help each other and through tough times, they always forgive each other. Here is a quote from ‘Little Women’ by Louisa May Alcott, â€Å"My dear, don’t let the sun go down upon your anger; forgive each other, help each other, and begin again to-morrow. † – Marmee to Jo, Chapter 8, Page 76. This quote shows endearment, â€Å"My dear,† demonstrates the positive relationship that Mrs March has with Jo and the love that they share for each other. This quote simply implies that we should not let our fury or hatred live on even during our slumber. As much as possible, we must resolve our problems and reconcile. We should build each other in trust rather than destroy each other to strengthen bonds whether it may be in filial, romantic, or friendly relationships. Positive and negative relationships are defined by varied perceptions of the characters. Relationships can be negative at times and if these negative relationships are not resolved, it can impact all individuals involved for a long period of time. Negative relationships do not necessarily occur because of one poor influential mistake – it is the build up of decisions and actions that can have a negative impact and create a negative relationship between the interactions of two people. An example of a negative relationship is evident in ‘Cats in the Cradle’ by Harry Chapin between the father and his son. Here is a quote from ‘Cats in the Cradle’ by Harry Chapin, â€Å"And as I hung up the phone it occurred to me, he’d grown up just like me, my boy was just like me. † This quote shows irony. It is ironic that the son becomes like his father, in a different way than expected. It was expected that the son would want to be like the father in a career sense and this demonstrates the negative relationship that the father has with his son – not in a sense that they despise each other but putting off seeing and talking to each other creates a negative impacts throughout their relationship. Positive and negative relationships are defined by varied perceptions of the characters. Loyalty is one of the fundamental traits that are present in a positive relationship. Without loyalty doubts of trust and lack of respect begin to come to the fore and relationships begin to crumble. Within the relationship of Mr and Mrs March, loyalty is the most important factor of the relationship. Here is a quote from ‘Little Women’ by Louisa May Alcott, â€Å"That is the secret of our home happiness. He does not let business wean him from the little cares and duties that affect us all, and I try not to let domestic worries destroy my interest in his pursuits. Each do our part alone in many things, but at home we work together, always. – Marmee to Meg, Chapter 38, Page 392. This quote shows a back-story of Mr and Mrs March’s life – that they were not always like this and had the same problems that Meg has starting out married life, especially with children. This adds meaning to their current circumstances and if they did not find a way to work together and be together as much as possible, problems would have occurred but because of the above quote, Mr and Mrs March show loyalty to each other and create a positive relationships not only for themselves but also for others around them. Mrs. March suggests that the domestic sphere is a joint effort – husband and wife work together to create a home, instead of every aspect of it being the wife’s responsibility. Positive and negative relationships are defined by varied perceptions of the characters. Within every relationship some form of loyalty will be present that contributes to the positive relationship. However, little loyalty can lead to deterioration in a person’s quality of life, happiness and connection with the people involved in that relationship. Cats in the Cradle’ introduces the subject matter indicating the troublesome relationship shared between father and son, â€Å"My child arrived just the other day, he came to the world in the usual way. † The quote is a metaphor for the birth of his son. It is an emotionless way to describe the birth of his son. This metaphor gives an initial indication of an absent relationship between the father and son. It is clear that althoug h the father provides the necessities for the child, his career driven lifestyle restrains him from spending quality time with his son. Positive and negative relationships are defined by varied perceptions of the characters. To sum up, varied perceptions define the nature of relationships as positive or negative. Mention topic sentences. The relationships in ‘Little Women’ by Louisa May Alcott and ‘Cats in the Cradle’ by Harry Chapin shows many different views of positive and negative relationships. The statement, relationships can be positive or negative, is true but positive and negative relationships coexist. How to cite Relationships in Little Women and Cats in the Cradle, Essay examples

Environment Strategic Business Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Environment Strategic Business Management? Answer: Introduction Business Strategy is helpful in planning the business of an organization for the long-term basis. Strategic management is concerned with the various business activities i.e. raising fund for producing products and services and getting profit in the business. This report identifies the famous technology company Alpha Response Technology Solutions. This is Taiwanese Technology Company and seeking to expand the business in the Rwandan Special Economic Zone. Before entering in new market, it is important to understand the environment of the market. By the analysis, this report provides the recommendations to the company to expand the business in the new market (Cateora, 2008). PESTEL analysis Company is going to expand the business in Rwandan and the market of the country can be analyzed by the PESTEL analysis. The PESTEL analysis of the country Rwandan is described below: Political Strong and favorable policy and legal environment, Politically stable country, Legal system supports government, Citizen contributes to the government decision making process by e-participation and e-parliamentary channels, and Tax regulations are favorable for FDI Economic Low disposable income of Rwandan population, Exchange rate is low and attractive for the foreign investors, and Financial system of country is underdeveloped and access to credit is poor Social High level of literacy in country, Population is drawn from the ethnic and linguistic group, People use principal language, Rwanda is in the African Great Lakes region and highly eminent, and Climate of the country is pleasant with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons each year (Twagiramungu, 2006). Technological Developing country and have growing technology gradually, People do not have much technological skills, Power is only in the government of the country, Low average of innovation and creativity in the country, and Limited access of foreign and local technology by local organizations Ecological Country is covered with the diverse ecosystem i.e. natural ecosystem, Forested area and agro-ecosystem, Rural settlement of Rwanda has been scattered by unplanned settlement, Agriculture is the most crucial sector for the countrys economy, and Variations in the temperature ranges and rainfall are creating some irregularities (United Nations Rwanda, 2017). Legal Open liberalized economy for the economic growth, Effective participation in the international trade for the sustainable growth path, No significant trade barriers, The export/import licensing process is simple and fast, and There can be temporary entry of products without any duties (Kigali, 2010) Incentives to enter in Rwanda The country Rwanda is Special Economic Zone that is geographically specified and physically secured area for the companies. The country is offering some incentives to the entering companies i.e. more liberal and simplified economic regulations for the business operations. The Special Economic Zones of Rwanda has fiscal, social, and infrastructure policies for the new entrants in the country. The most important goal of the country is to facilitate economic growth by reducing tariffs and effective customs controls. Special Economic Zones of Rwanda creates attractive business environment for the new companies. Goals of the country is to utilize the public resources i.e. increase domestic and foreign investment, export expansion and diversification, development of industrial and non-agricultures sectors and establishment of employment and income (Baines, Fill Page, 2011). Current foreign investment in Rwanda According to the report of National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, the big part of investment in the country comes from the European Union (32%) and East African Community (14%). This is increasing in inflows of the country and indicating that the country is attracting foreign investment from the global market for improving business environment and existing investments. In recent years, most of the investments are approved from Kenya, South Africa, Germany and United Kingdom. According to this report, there are some reasons the investors now have confidence in Rwanda and they are investing in the potential economic sectors in the country. Rwanda is attracting the investors for all the sectors (National Institute of Statistics Rwanda, 2017). In May 2015, the country launched a new investment code to attract FDI into tourism and new technologies. Coffee, tin, tea, telecommunication and energy are some sectors that have attracted most of the foreign investments in Rwanda (Santander, 2017). The growth of the foreign investments in Rwanda in recent years can be seen in the described table. Table 1: Growth in FDI (Source: Santander, 2017) ARTS motivation to enter in Rwanda ARTS is a Taiwan technology is seeking to expand the business in the Rwandan Economic Zone. There are some factors that motive the company to enter in Rwanda. Those motivational factors are as follows: Rwanda has strong economic growth and has high ranking in the World Banks business index. The country has the reputation for the low corruption. The country provides various opportunities for the foreign direct investment in various sectors. ARTS would get profit and opportunities in the technology sector in terms of infrastructure, information and communication (Chen Mujtaba, 2007). General labor is available in the country and that would be very beneficial for the company ARTS. There is higher institute of technology, vocational institutes and private universities that are providing better trained graduates every year. So, there is great opportunity for the company to hire skilled people for the business operations. Rwanda is the stable country along with the low crime rates. ARTS would get security of the business there. There strong police and military providing security from the criminal activities and disturbance. Company has established a trade free zone including current and future communication infrastructure which would be very beneficial for the technology company (The New Times, 2013). Five forces analysis of ARTS Five forces analysis is very helpful for the company to understand the new market in which it is going to enter. The analysis for the company Alpha Response Technology Solutions is described below: Threats of new entrants (High) There are barriers to entry for new entrants due to economy of scale, switching cost, and high trade and government policies etc. There is cost disadvantage in the technology industry. Various distribution channels are available that restrict new entrants. Bargaining power of buyers (High) There is low switching cost for the product so bargaining power is low, Buyers purchase a large portion of the total revenue of the company, and Products are undifferentiated so buyers do not switch to other products, Bargaining power of suppliers (High) The suppliers are large so bargaining power of suppliers is low, Companies are not regular customer of the suppliers so they cant bargain, Available products creates high switching cost in terms of suppliers, and Substitute products in the industry are not available so suppliers have low bargaining cost, Threats of substitute products (High) The threat of substitute products is low, Buyers face low switching cost in the industry, The qualities and performance of the other products are similar, and Buyers value to the differentiated products and reduce the threats Competitive Rivalry (Intence) In the technology industry, high exit barriers, strategic operations, high fixed and storage costs create rivalry, New entrants create rivalry for existing company, and Rapid growth, effectiveness and competition also create rivalry. Product line of ARTS and Positivo BGH Product line is the crucial part of the business of any organization as it is helpful in attracting the customers and improving the revenue. The comparison of product line of ARTS and Positivo BGH is done in the given table. Alpha Response Technology Solutions Positivo BGH Cloud solution, Enterprise solution, Public cloud, Hybrid solution, IT support i.e. desktop support, server support, and network monitoring Network design and development i.e. email solution, portal solution, collaboration tools, system integration, document management solution etc. Voice over IP solution, GT80S Titan SLI 18.4in Core i7 Notebook, 1TB hard drive (Alpha Technology, 2017) Laptops i.e. All in one 1800, All in one 2300, Notebooks i.e. Serie A, Serie, Z, Serie, E and Serie FX, Tablets i.e. 10, 8, 7 and Y710 Kids, All in one laptops including high performance and optimization of space, and Desktops i.e. D600, D660, and D651 ) ( POSITIVO BGH, 2017) Rwanda domestic market versus sale to a Western market Sale to the Rwanda domestic market Sale to a Western market Sales 100000 120000 Cost of sales 60000 84000 Gross profit 40000 36000 Expenses 12000 10800 Net profit 28000 25200 % return on production 28% 21% Recommendations From the above analysis of the sales of Titan in the Rwanda domestic market and in the other western market, it is observed that company would get profit and returns in the Rwanda market. The study shows that ARTS Company would be successful in using foreign direct investment to enter in the Rwandan market. So it is recommended that the company should use same strategy in the Rwandan market which it is using in other countries. Company should continue innovations and come up with the new and unique products which would be helpful in competing with the other companies in terms of products. ARTS should have aggressive marketing to attract more customers in Rwandan market. References Alpha Technology, (2017), Cloud Solutions for Alpha Anywhere, accessed on 16th September 2017 from https://alphatechnologysolutions.com/cloud Baines, P., Fill, C. Page, K. (2011), Marketing, (2nd), New York: Oxford University Press Cateora, P.R., (2008), International Marketing (13th), NY: Tata McGraw-Hill Education Chen, L. Y. Mujtaba, B., (2007), The Choice of Entry Mode Strategies and Decisions for International Market Expansion: Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 10(2), pp. 322-337 Kigali, (2010), MINISTRY OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY, accessed on 16th September 2017 from https://www.minicom.gov.rw/fileadmin/minicom_publications/policies/Trade_Policy_Rev_NPC_.pdf National Institute of Statistics Rwanda, (2017), Rwandan Foreign investments increased over last two years, , accessed on 16th September 2017 from https://statistics.gov.rw/node/813 POSITIVO BGH, (2017), Products, accessed on 16th September 2017 from https://www.positivobgh.com/products/ Santander, (2017), RWANDA: FOREIGN INVESTMENT, accessed on 16th September 2017 from https://en.portal.santandertrade.com/establish-overseas/rwanda/investing-3 The New Times, (2013), Special Economic Zones Accelerating Rwandas economic growth and Development, accessed on 16th September 2017 from https://www.newtimes.co.rw/PDF_ads/Special%20Economic%20Zones.pdf Twagiramungu, F., (2006), ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF RWANDA, accessed on 16th September 2017 from https://www.vub.ac.be/klimostoolkit/sites/default/files/documents/rwanda-environmental-profile.pdf United Nations Rwanda, (2017), Environment, accessed on 16th September 2017 from https://www.rw.one.un.org/mdg/mdg7