Comparison between Japanese and Canadian Central Bank Policies Essay

The current paper is an examination of the national bank arrangements in the nations of Japan and Canada. The paper takes into assessment Bank of Japan and Bank of Canada and investigates the grounds on which similitudes and contrasts, assuming any, can be noted. This investigation is an examination between the focal banks’ arrangements of both the nations. The structure of the paper reviews the financial arrangement of both the nations at that point promotes with singular examination just to bring a significant correlation at the subsequent last area. The paper examines discoveries in the end segment and makes suggestions for future approach making and improvement. 2-Overview This area diagrams the past, present of the two banks in the concerned nations. This is in the endeavor of making a base of the later areas that would manage explicit strategy issues of the two banks. 2.1-Japanese Banking System Today Japanese financial framework discovers its fundamental roots in the aftermaths of World War II is as yet proceeding to develop support for the money related and modern associations of the nation. Since the time World War II, Japanese financial framework has experienced various changes and adjustments in corporate conduct just as in the molding of monetary and administrative approaches. The period that can be supposed to be the brilliant time for the advancement of the Japanese financial framework is respected to be from the mid 1950s to the mid 1970s. This was when Japanese firms were developing quickly and required money related sponsorship and financial evaluation to hold strong on the corporate grounds. In any case, from the 1970s, a few changes were experienced by this financial framework and that strong position was shaken. Of the significant reasons, global worldview change in budgetary exchanges, corporate conduct concerning speculation of assets both inward and outer, (firms began giving protections instead of acquiring from banks) and other such reasons can be supposed to be the foundations for the shaking of such a solid financial framework as was in Japan once particular up to the mid 1970s. Up to the current day, in the Japanese money related framework, bank advances despite everything have the prevailing spot as the outer financing hotspot for the corporate part which is non-monetary †until 1986 the borrowings done from private establishments were recorded to be in excess of 70%. Other such normal administrations as issuance of bonds, customer checking, cost observing for various administrations, etc are likewise seen as by and by in the Japanese financial framework. Thusly, there is significantly more that is should have been inspected in this country’s banking framework that makes it prominent on the universal skyline (Aoki, Patrick, and Sheard, pp. 1-15, 1994). 2.2 †Canadian Banking System The focal financial arrangement of Canada is likewise with its normal issues and challenges and up to right now, these difficulties have been increasing for various components. For instance, no place in history overall population was such a great amount of cognizant about the insidious joblessness and is presently indicating a hyper demeanor which essentially put the legislature and its money related organizations in advance to the analysis. In that capacity, the difficulties are to make such budgetary arrangements as can help defy these difficulties and move over them. Despite the fact that the national bank of Canada went through an extensive stretch of changes, state the downturn time of the 1930s and later, Neufeld (1958) takes note of that â€Å"The protected alterations experienced by the Bank of Canada were not as extraordinary as those of some more seasoned focal banks† (p. 4). There are imperative purposes behind this perception. For example, starting in the market, the bank was supported by the administration prompting a steady position. Notwithstanding, political mediations and the bank’s duties to cook for the requirements or requests of the ideological group government kept on existing. The bank experienced war emergency, budgetary insecurity, and social weights like joblessness, up and down its introduction to the world turning into a grown-up from a juvenile youth. At present the Bank is in a progressively good situation to fill for the needs of the administration and play out its diverse purposes as to money related exercises alongside the difficulties. A portion of the difficulties that the bank looked during its solidness periods were â€Å"serious remote trade outpourings and marvelous capital inflows† (212). The three zones, back in the steadiness stage, i.e., security showcase, stock trades, and outside trade markets, have been carefully settled by the bank to make a positive image of the general financial circumstance of the nation. Directly, the Bank holds an essential situation in the dynamic procedure of these three regions. Today, as a fruitful bank, the master supposition about this bank is that it has managed in the hour of trouble more with method which was adaptable than conservatism (213). The financial arrangement of Canada is in a steady procedure of up degree for better yield; one such example is the utilization of geographic data frameworks (GIS) innovation â€Å"for a wide scope of applications† (Macdonald, 2001, p. 419). Subsequently, it is critical to have a profound assessment of the approaches and practices of this bank so that the insider’s view can help other people structure such a framework in some other nation. 3-Policies of the Bank of Japan There are various approach gives that should be returned to however for the restricted space of the paper, just a couple of major are examined. As a matter of first importance, strategies of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) have been key to critics’ consideration because of various reasons however the most significant is that it is one of the three G-3 national banks that have been evaluated in the previous decades. The unique highlights of BOJ are various. The most clear, be that as it may, is its position on collapse. In spite of the fact that BOJ had to take â€Å"a exceptionally utilized position† in nearby money related condition, it has faced no challenge to battle the test. In addition, it may have been workable for the bank to surrender to various difficulties that were made by emptying, in any case, the bank kept on making due with various strategies and measures (Cargill, 2005, p. 311). BOJ’s way to deal with fiscal approach is down to earth. The general focal point of this money related arrangement is to keep up strength in cost and energize financial turn of events. To meet these closures, the Bank screens such territories as trade rates, the totals of cash, the lists of customer and discount rates, development of the GDP, creation occurring in the business, on-going financing cost in the market, costs of benefits, and various different components. It is additionally remarkable that in the elements of the Bank, universal arrangement affiliation and coordination can likewise assume a job in the Bank’s local strategy making. It is imperative to take note of that all through its reality the BOJ has never come to remain as no-nonsense monetarist. Rather than this, the Bank has been rewarding the approach creation of cash increasingly like a type of craftsmanship. There are various strategies by which the Bank lets its arrangements become open. The usage of approaches additionally takes various structures, for example, â€Å"discount window† guides other money related foundations through credits and so forth. (Mill operator, 1996, pp. 1-47). By the late 1980s, BOJ held its situation as positive according to the pundits because of various arrangement making issues since WWII. Up to then the bank had experienced various surprisingly temperamental occasions adapting up to such difficulties as industrialization and foundation of it. At that point significant attributes of BOJ were its promise to value security and positive results that came out of its approaches. The most significant point is that since its foundation, its legitimate position didn't experience a change. At that point it was the main bank evaluated as the most needy of all the national banks on the planet. Subsequently the outstanding component is its keeping value soundness as opposed to being a needy bank. It likewise negated the broadly acclaimed see that the more autonomous a national bank, the more value steadiness would be expanded (Cargill, 2005, p. 311).  May 1989 is the period called the depressed spot strategy time of BOJ which proceeded during that time 2004. Here the bank expanded the pace of rebate in various advances that included generally low pace of 2.5 percent to 6.0 in the primary phase of 1991. It was harshly a response against the advantage expansion of the 1980s. In any case, the sharp downturn and lessening resource rate supported the bank to move for simplicity of strategy in 1991 and the call and rebate rates boiled down to 0.05 percent by the mid 1995. Until it acquired the first â€Å"0 pace of interest† strategy in 1999, the bank continued bringing down call rate markdown. It was attracted to a nearby in 2000. It returned to zero rate strategy again in 2000 and proceeded onward to a measurable moseying down of strategy in 2001 on the grounds that declining economy cautioned the specialists; in addition, it expected to receive an alternate system of activity for momentary rates on intrigue which must be on a very basic level zero (Cargill, 2005, p. 311). Albeit universally, it is the notoriety of the Bank of Japan that it has been moving too continuously as far as the development of money related approach, financial strategies, and settling the issues present to it, there are significant regions where this analysis gets void. For instance, Japan is regularly contrasted and the USA without considering the way that previous confronted a large number of a greater number of issues than the last mentioned. Furthermore, there are such occasions as Japan’s more tight monetary approach in 1996 that has a lot to dispose of this analysis (Browne, 2001, p. 3). 4-Policies of the Bank of Canada The Bank of Canada (BOC) is regularly scrutinized for impacting the degree of value, employments, and the advancement of its country’s economy. In any case,

Risk Assessment for Auto Fishing Group - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theRisk Assessment for Auto Fishing Group. Answer: Presentation The Information security danger or hazard evaluation is a constant just as an on-going system of finding, forestalling and amending data security challenges. The hazard assessment or appraisal is a constituent part, or strategy for the hazard the executives technique intended to outfit the suitable planes of security for the data strategies. The Information danger assessment is a piece of viable security rehearses and is required by pretty much every association to construct the associations data wellbeing strategies. Data Security Management Hazard Assessment Subjective and Quantitative Risk Assessment Assessing the relative peril for each shortcoming is capable by methods for a technique named as hazard evaluation. As showed by regular and however a genuine perspective, the information security organization of Auto-Angling Group must start with a quantitative risk assessment. Such an examination works fine on a fundamental level, yet it barely works for all intents and purposes (Bernard, 2015). The standard requirements, lack of protection organization, and emotional danger assessment can unite to give a viable choice. Quantitative examination plays out the asset valuation with genuine qualities or checks which may be difficult to dole out specific characteristics so the Auto-angling Group could use emotional evaluations as opposed to using scales and specific appraisals. The emotional risk assessment influenced assessment is that it sorts out the perils and recognizes the zones for brief change in keeping an eye on the vulnerabilities (Management of Information, 2017). The downside of the emotional or subjective examination is that the subjective evaluation doesn't give specific quantifiable estimations of the size of the security impacts, in this manner, bringing in a cash sparing preferred position assessment of any recommended controls troublesome. Then again, the quantitative impact assessment is that it gives an estimation of the impacts' degree, which can be used as a piece of the cash sparing preferred position examination of proposed controls inside the Auto-angling Group. The bother is th at, dependent upon the numerical degrees used to communicate the estimation, the significance of the quantitative impact assessment may be foggy, requiring the result to be deciphered in an abstract manner (Bucur-Marcu, 2013). Hazard Controlling Techniques for hazard control which Auto-angling Group must apply Auto-angling Group must decide controls and secures to lessen the peril displayed by each threat or shortcoming match with an immediate or high danger level as recognized in the Risk Determination Form (Wangen, 2017). While perceiving a control and a defend, the Auto-angling Group must consider: Data Security area of the Auto-angling Group, for example, the board, specialized and operational offices must be guaranteed with the data security strategies and the arrangement and basic parameters essential for the use of insurances in the association's condition (Risk Management: Controlling Risk, 2017). Regardless of whether the costs or the expense of the safeguard is comparable with its diminishment in risk. Auto-angling Group must pick one of the five essential strategies to control the risks Barrier: Applying shields that crash or reduce the remaining uncontrolled danger. Transference: Shifting perils to various extents and furthermore to outside substances. Alleviation: Reduce the abuse of information assets which cause powerlessness or shortcoming. Acknowledgment: Understanding the results of leaving a peril uncontrolled and a while later genuinely perceiving the risk and its outstanding parts without an undertaking at control. End: Removing just as proceeding with the data obligation from the Auto-angling Groups working condition (Risk Management: Controlling Risk, 2017). Hazard Appetite Before Auto-angling Group can or should proceed, they have to appreciate whether the current degree of protections or controls perceived close to the completion of the peril examination plan to achieve a degree of danger organization that it can recognize. The proportion of the danger that the rest of the parts after each current control are completed is extra or lingering hazard (Tregear, 2012). The Auto-angling Group may very well accomplish that point in the risk organization handle process that they review the documented extra peril, fundamentally state, Indeed, our firm can without a doubt live with that, just as after that record everything for the future threat organization study cycle. The KPMG approach to manage portraying danger hunger incorporates the comprehension of the Auto-fishings key goals, describing peril profiles for every genuine current various leveled activity and furthermore for the future essential game plan, portraying a danger edge for each profile, in conc lusion, announcing the conventional risk craving announcement (Risk Management: Controlling Risk, 2017). Rules and Techniques for Risk Control The senior organization, and the mission owners of Auto-Angling Group, knowing the potential dangers and recommended controls, may pose a few inquiries from itself, for example, when just as under what conditions would it be prudent for them to make a move? When would it be advisable for them to can realize these controls to direct the dangers in the data security and guarantee the information of the Auto-Angling Group? This strategy is moreover clarified in the going with reliable rules, which give bearings on exercises to direct dangers from deliberate threats: At the point, when a hazard or weakness exists in an essential data asset of the Auto-angling Group, the affiliation must complete the security controls or shields to reduce the likelihood of the hazard or defenselessness being abused (Saleh, Refai and Mashhour, 2011). At the point, when the aggressor's potential pickup is more conspicuous than the costs of the ambush Auto-angling Group, at that point they should apply confirmations to manufacture the aggressors cost and reduce the attacker's pickup by using the specific and managerial controls. At the point, when the potential disaster is huge, the Auto-angling Group must apply plan norms, auxiliary blueprint, and concentrated and non-specialized protections to bind the level of data ambush, along these lines the association can clearly decrease the potential for the data misfortune (Risk Management: Controlling Risk, 2017). Documentation The System Documentation Phase gives a portrayal of the structure and the data it handles, as preparing assets used to fulfill the Auto-angling Group business missions. This stage develops a structure for coming about the hazard assessment stages. The structure owner gives the system recognizing verification, including the system portrayal, business limit and assets (Management of Information, 2017). The ISO 27000 course of action fuses a standard for the execution of legitimate Risk Management. The 27005 records or report joins distinctive hazard the board strategies: Hazard Assessment Hazard Acceptance Hazard Treatment End This investigation reasons that the productive hazard the board plan or program absolutely relies upon the more elevated level organization's devotion, the total support and the help of the association's IT gathering. The capacity of the hazard assessment gathering, which clearly have the aptitude to apply the danger examination strategy to a specific site and structure and give monetarily adroit shields that address the issues of the Auto-Angling Group. It has been contemplated that the interest and attention to people from the customer gathering, must follow techniques just as go along the completed controls to shield the data of Auto-Angling Group; and a persistent appraisal and assessment of their IT-related strategic. References Bernard, R. (2015). Data Lifecycle Security Risk Assessment: A device for shutting security gaps.Computers Security, 26(1), pp.26-30. Bucur-Marcu, H. (2013). The Institutionalization of Security Risk Assessment.Connections: The Quarterly Journal, pp.118-124. The executives of Information. (2017). . Hazard Management: Controlling Risk. (2017). . Saleh, Z., Refai, H. also, Mashhour, A. (2011). Proposed Framework for Security Risk Assessment.Journal of Information Security, 02(02), pp.85-90. Shamala, P., Ahmad, R. also, Yusoff, M. (2013). A calculated system of data structure for data security chance appraisal (ISRA).Journal of Information Security and Applications, 18(1), pp.45-52. Tregear, J. (2012). Hazard Assessment.Information Security Technical Report, 6(3), pp.19-27. Wangen, G. (2017). Data Security Risk Assessment: A Method Comparison.Computer, 50(4), pp.52-61.

First-Year Retreats at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

First-Year Retreats at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following post is credited to second-year student Sawako Sonoyama. ________________________ First-Year Retreats at SIPA Not sure what your concentration should be? It may be confusing to know which concentration is right for you during the application stage. However, there will be plenty of opportunities for you to learn about all of the different concentrations at the beginning of your first semester before you have to decide. One perfect way to explore if a concentration is right for you is to go on a Retreat. Every year during the first month of the Fall semester, almost all of the Concentrations, Specializations, and Specific Degree Programs will offer a Retreat for first-year students. There are so many retreats to choose from! In one weekend, a SIPA first-year must decide between the International Finance and Economic Policy (IFEP) retreat , the United Nations Study Program (UNSP) retreat, or the Energy and Environment Retreat. These retreats have many objectives: to convince those who are uncertain about their path, to make new friends amongst those who are interested, to introduce the faculty and advisors involved, and to create your family at SIPA. It is true that your concentration becomes somewhat of your family during your 2-year life at SIPA and I was able to find this family through my concentration retreat.   As an Economic and Political Development (EPD) student, going to the EPD retreat last year was one of the best decisions I made. Looking back, I made the majority of my SIPA friends this weekend at the EPD retreat. We still laugh about the inside jokes and the corky activities we shared from that weekend. (Can’t tell you what we did exactly, don’t want to ruin the surprise!) EPD Retreat 2009 Recently I had the pleasure of going on the EPD retreat again as a second year. I was chosen to help organize the retreat by creating community building activities, facilitating discussions, and answering a lot of “first-year” questions.  I was pleasantly surprised that I actually could give some advice, considering just a year ago I was lost and clueless about what courses, concentrations, etc.  It is quite incredible how much we learned in one short year and also scary that we will be graduating next spring. Overall, it was nostalgic and wonderful to return back to where we started as EPD students just a year ago. I am happy to have made a lot of first-year friends while reconnecting with my 2nd year EPD friends. From what we could observe, the first-years seem to have had a great time and successfully created their family as well. I hope that they loved the EPD retreat as much as I did,  and encourage all future SIPA students to go on at least one retreat when they arrive to SIPA. EPD Retreat 2010â€"2nd years

Essay Information Management - 1148 Words

Information Management Johannessen and Olsen (2010) noted â€Å"with this economic landscape, knowledge itself became a factor of production—specifically, knowledge related to identifying and exploiting new ways to establish temporary competitive advantage† (p. 502). Their observation reflects that under today’s business environment, the ability to optimize information is a significant factor that enables such companies to succeed their businesses. However, the use of information is more important than just limited in business practices, also for everyone living and other professional arenas (Badke, 2009; Turusheva, 2009). Educational institutions in which are responsible for teaching students to ingrain knowledge that uses for achieving†¦show more content†¦The customer centric strategy also affected such companies to shift themselves from close to open in the form of connect and develop with the external stakeholders for creating values to their products and services (Chesb rough, 2003, as cited in Johannessen Olsen, 2010). The connect and develop model change such companies in these areas of doing business, such as individualized immediate feedback, a new organizational logic, and new cooperation structure that influence by information (Johannessen Olsen, 2010). The three areas affected by the use of external information stated previously affect such a company to make change responding to the new strategy (Johannessen Olsen, 2010). For instance, to perform individualized immediate feedback, a company needs employees who have abilities to analyze and evaluate feedback information. Employees as a frontline in the business operation whose roles are receiving, delivering, and responding feedbacks to both internal and external stakeholders, such as managers, management teams, customers, suppliers, and so on. The management teams would use feedback information from the frontline to make changes as organizational logic appropriately to the business model (Johannessen Olsen, 2010). The Role of Educational Institutions in Responding to Changes Russell (2009) noted today’s students â€Å"struggle with critically andShow MoreRelatedManagement Information Systems in Restaurants1216 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Restaurants are built of complex systems for buying, storing, preparing and selling food. The well-being of a restaurant depends on its management information systems, which coordinate everything from scheduling personnel to customer service. Restaurant management systems can help to create an ambiance. Restaurant management information systems should make a restaurant more profitable as well as a better place for customers to eat. The manager must be able to determine prices andRead MoreThe American Health Information Management Association1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) is a recognized, respected association of health information management (HIM) professionals worldwide. Founded in 1928, AHIMA has become a respected authority for professional education and training in the effective management of health data and medical records needed to deliver quality healthcare to the public. Throughout AHIMA’s history back to 1928, the American College of Surgeons established the Association of Record LibrariansRead MoreManagement Information Systems5690 Words   |  23 PagesManagement Information Systems MANAGING THE DIGITAL FIRM Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Kenneth C. Laudon Jane P. Laudon 9th edition PEARSON Prentice Hall 2006 www.prenhall.com/laudon Chapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm Objectives: After reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Explain why information systems are so important today for business and management. 2. Evaluate the role of informationRead MoreSecurity Information And Event Management1496 Words   |  6 Pagesheavily on the management of information across their organization – from customer records to critical corporate financial data. Without high-tech measures to protect all enterprise data from security threats, the businesses’ processes, regulatory compliance efforts, and even financial security can be at risk. The security information and event management (SIEM) market is defined by the customer s need to analyze security event data in real time for internal and external threat management, and to collectRead More Management Information System Essay805 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment, management, and use of information technology tools to help people perform all tasks related to information processing and management. In the above definition you can find the three key resources-information, information technology, and people. You will also find various functions that you as a knowledge worker must undertake to ensure that your origination maximizes its advantages. It doesnt matter if you are preparing to work in the area of finance, human resource management, logisticsRead MoreThe Importance Of A Management Information System1276 Words   |  6 Pages A management information system is a computerized method of improving the efficiency of the daily activities of businesses as well as improving the decision-making process. A management information system can show the status of a business’ conditions and whether or not these conditions are improving or not. The decision-making process can only be effective if the information is updated regularly by those with authority to access this information. There are very few management information systemsRead MoreManagement Information Systems2648 Words   |  11 Pagesreduce their operating costs and become more efficient. In doing an analysis of the General Motors using Porter s Competitive Model these influences become clear and opportunities for the company to reduce costs and increase efficiency using information systems becomes obvious. Porter s Competitive Model is a model used to describe the interaction of external influences; specifically threats and opportunities that affect an organizations strategy and ability to compete [Laudon Laudon, 2005Read MoreManagement Information Systems1953 Words   |  8 PagesConcept Note on Management Information System / INFORMATION SHARING SYSTEM I. Background Information systems are both technical and social in nature. Managers must understand the relationship between the technical components of an information system and the structure, functions and work culture of. Builders of information systems should consider management objectives and decision-making as well as the impact these systems will have on the well being of the people and society. In this chapterRead MoreManagement Information Systems ( Mis )1172 Words   |  5 Pagesuniversities with average GRE scores Management Information Systems (MIS) has become a rapidly sought-after specialization in the past few decades. But the roots, of this specialization, are definitely not that new. Let s say, even Chitragupta, the god of scribes, was practicing MIS while keeping track of the deeds of humans, you know, for purposes of creating a database for good and bad karma. So, as you might have guessed already, MIS has to do with managing information. Without good practices of record-keepingRead MoreManagement Information Systems and Health Care Information Systems708 Words   |  3 PagesManagement Information Systems and Health Care Information Systems Many of people do not know what Management Information Systems and Health Care Information Systems do or the well paying jobs that that are in that field range. Other people know a very slim amount about them but do not understand why someone would want to major in these fields. This research will help you become more familiar with what they are, what they do, and the career choices they bring along, and how this field is very

Greed Caused the American Civil War Essay - 2303 Words

Of the seven deadly sins, the one that has plagued the United States the most throughout its history is greed.. Greed -- i.e., the excessive desire to possess wealth or goods with the intention of keeping it for oneself. – can be seen in 1614, when Thomas Hunt sailed to Spain from his expedition in America with a ship packed with Patuxet Indians, bound to be sold into slavery. It can also be seen in 1773 as a major factor of the Boston Tea Party, where King George III was yearning for more control over colonial governments and hungry for the revenue from it. Greed can also be seen in 1830 during the Indian removal act, where President Andrew Jackson (backed by many other white Americans) signed a law that forced the five†¦show more content†¦President Jefferson Davis elaborated on this definition of states rights in his first address to the Confederate Congress when he said: â€Å"We protest solemnly in the face of mankind, that we desire peace at any sacrifice, save that of honor. In independence we seek no conquest, no aggrandizement, no concession of any kind from the states with which we have lately been confederated. All we ask is to be let alone – that those who never held power over us shall not now attempt our subjugation by arms. This we will, we must resist to the direst extremity. The moment that this pretension is abandoned, the sword will drop from our grasp, and we shall be ready to enter into treaties of amnesty and commerce that cannot but be mutually beneficial. So long as this pretension is maintained, with a firm reliance on that Divine Power which covers with its protection the just cause, we must continue to struggle for our inherent right to freedom, independence, and self government.† In this quote, Jefferson Davis outlines why the South believed that states’ rights served as the primary justification for the Civil War. He essentially says that southern states will gain independence by any means necessary, whether it be through peaceful means or bloodshed. These are fighting words, and in a literal sense, the Southern states’ swords are drawn and once they secede and gain states’ rights their â€Å"sword[s] will drop from [their] grasp[s]† (Jefferson Davis, First Confederate CongressShow MoreRelatedThe Decline Of The American Civil War938 Words   |  4 Pageshistory. The eastern half of America was in a great war that sparked the beginning of a rebellious overtaking of the entire country. The American Civil War was a major past time that has always underlined the late 1800’s with much death and ultimately the defeat of the South by the North. During this time, the western part of America was still inhabited by many native Indi an tribes that had lived in peace for many of years. After the civil war, expansion westward became the principal goal in theRead MoreTaking a Look at the American Civil War896 Words   |  4 PagesMany events during the mid-1700-1800s provoked the civil war because of the contradicting ideas between the northern states and the southern states. The conflict between the north and south that led to the civil war includes economic, social, and political events. At the meantime, slavery arose as a huge debate between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery faction. Fierce debates had sparked between the north and south states because of the southern states’ agrarian based economy. The geography in theRead MoreThe American Civil War : The Bloodiest And Most Gruesome War4070 Words   |  17 PagesIntroduction By all estimation, the American Civil War was considered to be the bloodiest and most gruesome war in American history. There are more US casualties involved in the American Civil War than US casualties in World War I II, Korean, and Vietnam War combined. Historians have discussed possible causes that led to the greatest separation among the American people. It is important to recognize the true causes behind this separation so that history does not repeat itself. It is importantRead MoreProtests That Were Heard Around The World Protests867 Words   |  4 PagesStates was vastly completed, an intensifying sense of greed began to take over the minds of governing officials, as it did in other modernizing countries. Wars began to dismiss civil and humanitarian explanations, and instead were focused on factors such as territorial expansion and possible resource prosperity. These factors were often held close to officials while the general population relied on misconceptions that we re created by media. The war that took place in Vietnam was certainly no exceptionRead MoreHis Chains Are Gone : Jim s Been Set Free?950 Words   |  4 PagesSet Free? The latter part of the nineteenth century saw civil war and the end of slavery in the United States. The post-Reconstruction years have been romanticized and popularized in the literary world and a nostalgic obsession followed those years of mayhem and political turmoil. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is one novel that has continued to make its literary mark, always controversial, to the curiosity of pre-civil war years of slavery in the South. Huckleberry Finn is anRead MoreBlack No More By George Schuyler797 Words   |  4 Pages Shortly after the civil war the fourteenth amendment was passed which granted citizenship to all individuals born or naturalized in America; this group included slaves both former and current. However, individuals of African American appearance would be treated like aliens in their own country for years to come. In the eighteen eighties Jim Crow Laws were passed that segregated Black individuals and often subjected them to humiliating conditions. These conditions exasperate and trouble all of theRead MoreIndustrialization after the Civil War1164 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrialization after the Civil War Industrialization during the 1860’s through the 1900’s caused many problems globally. Industrialization changed a lot in the US for Americans because it made it easier for citizens to do labor work, expanded capital for businesses and opened up many job opportunities for people. Although this was beneficial to the Americans it caused other problems to escalate, and caused many people to flee into the cities, as well as caused a differentiation between the richRead MoreA Working Polish Man Named Jurgis Rudkus1199 Words   |  5 Pagessocietal influences. -Thesis: Upton SInclair applied aspects of the Civil War in his novel with his views on the treatment of humanity through the use of symbolism, and the presentation of the conflict and resolution. Body Paragraphs Paragraph 1: 1P: The symbolism presented in the novel brings upon the relation of the oppression experienced by the immigrant workers and African American slaves laboring on farms during the Civil War era. E: â€Å"In these chutes the stream of animals was continuously, pressingRead MoreThe American Revolution And The Civil War1567 Words   |  7 Pages In the eyes of most, the American Revolution was a momentous event that shaped not only what would now be the America we know today but the whole world as well. However, this event had ramifications that affected the history of America for many years to come. In fact, many of those same ramifications led to what we know as the American Civil War. While it may be difficult to distinguish whether or not the Civil War was an inevitable consequence of the American Revolution due to lack of correlatingRead MoreThe Gilded Age : A Powerhouse Rose From The Ashes Of The Civil War871 Words   |  4 PagesProgressives in the Gilded Age The Gilded Age: A powerhouse rose from the ashes of the Civil War. From the Civil War until about 1896, the Gilded Age was born. The United States was going through an era of governmental, fiscal and societal restructuring. Gilded Age got its name because Mark Twain seen as a period where everything seemed to be well on the surface but beneath was a scheme of political dishonesty and self-indulgence. Around this time, the affluent upper class was created due to the

Most Difficult Thing I Ever Learned to Do Free Essays

â€Å"the most difficult thing I ever learned to do† Most pepole have learned many things to do and some of the learning is the hardest of the others . For me ,The most difficult thing I ever learned to do in is how to live as an immigrant . Most of all,The lack of English proficiency was a barrier to a better life. We will write a custom essay sample on Most Difficult Thing I Ever Learned to Do or any similar topic only for you Order Now When I came to the United States ,I couldn’t find any word to express my self in English. Learning english was not easy for me especially when you want to learn academic English as third language . However ,my friends said â€Å"If you do feel that English is not easy don’t worry you are not the only one â€Å". I know that who I am not the only onehas this problem. I don’t give up, I’ll try to do my best as good as possible. The second reason why moving to the United States was so hard to me,living to a different country has opened my eyes to many cultural differences. I was not sure If american society would accept me or if any one could ever talk to me. Iran has a very different cultural background in the ways of seeing things,traditions,and interpreting the world . I often felt torn between the U. S. culture and culture of mine. It took time to overcome these problems and communicate effectively across cultures. Another reason ,Since I lived with my parents I had never experience living alone . As an independent person , I have a lot of things to handle them such as working and money mangment . I can’t imagine how could I organize all of these by myself . Probably, living independently can brings to be more responsiblility,but for me it was one of the hardest things I hade to leran in the U. S. The Last reason things were difficult for me , I had to control my emotions . When I migrated to another country ,I began a new life without support and attention of my family . I became far away from Enviroment which was full of sweet bitter memories and this fact got me depressed. After several month,I found some way to control my emotions and to make myself happy . Now , I think living in U. S. is the hardest thing i learned to but definetly It taught me â€Å"the past is past , live now† and I can it do if I want to do. How to cite Most Difficult Thing I Ever Learned to Do, Essay examples

LIvoria Sandwiches free essay sample

Livoria Sandwiches Inc. provides exceptional quality sandwiches at a great price. Livoria has been able to maintain profitability since inception and has continued to grow its business and revenues. Recent unforeseen external events have caused significant cash flow issues and shook the family business. Livoria is hoping to see annual net income of $1. 1 million by 2015. This report will provide alternatives and the pros and cons of initiating these alternatives. A recommendation of one of the alternatives as well as an implementation plan will be provided to assist in obtaining the goal, maintaining profitable and alleviating the cash flow issue. Current Situation Livoria is facing an unforeseen legal obligation that impacts its current earnings and cash flows. Livoria however is in a good position to take advantage of a growing demand and changing customer demographic in the City of Dawkins. Exhibit 1, SWOT analysis, further describes the current situation at Livoria. Key Success factor – High quality unique product and faithful customer base Financial Assessment The current financial situation does not look great. We will write a custom essay sample on LIvoria Sandwiches or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However if the onetime extraordinary allowance for a legal action is removed, Livoria shines. Livoria would have achieved a profit margin of 24% in 2012; this is the best in the industry. Livoria obtains the highest contribution margin at 53% as well as best sales growth at 5. 4%. (Appendix B Livoria Sandwiches Inc) Looking forward we see that our demand is coming in very strong, too strong in fact for our current capacity. Pro-forma financial statements have been generated showing what our realistic potential is for the next 3 years in Exhibit 3. Current capacity constraints will decrease production on our lowest Contribution margin items, meat ball and veal. With this happening we will not meet our 1. 1 million net income goal by 2015 The key stakeholders (Paul, Sam) have varied opinions on how to proceed and the following recommendations are developed with the stakeholder’s opinions and objectives in mind. Preferences Franchise – Paul Enhance menu – Sam Net income of 1. 1 million – Paul Sam Maintain Control (not franchise) – Sam Not to borrow money from bank– Paul Sam Alternative # 1 Franchise Exhibit 2 Pros Increase Market share and create brand awareness Create additional cash flow and contribution for owners as seen in Exhibit 3 We may be able to meet demand by franchising additional shops Less stress on the Livoria Brothers allows for time to focus on additional business options Will meet the $1. 1 Million goal Cons Loss of control Loss of family environment New owners may produce inferior product With lack of control Livoria may lose quarterly health audits and damage reputation Difficult to implement The alternative will help obtain the main goal, however it is not recommended because it does not fit well with mission and vision of Livoria. It’s a quick fix however it can and will have a long term negative impact Alternative #2 Expand the Menu – Exhibit 4 Pros Increase revenues As we once again decrease the production of our lowest CM per unit items now (veal, chicken and meatball) we will be able to meet the demand of the higher CM vegetarian options We will achieve our 1. 1million target Expand target market attract new customers Generate an additional $191K in cash flow by end of year 3 Capitalize on the shifting desires of the industry Creates growth Cons May lose current faithful customers because of lack of meat sandwich production Will need to train employees on new sandwiches Advertisement costs With the small stores we may not have the space to produce additional sandwich types This alternative will allow the brothers to obtain their goal and is in line with the company corporate values, mission and vision. Alternative #3- Increase Current Menu item Prices Exhibit 5 Pros With the growing household income, it is feasible to increase prices Additional net income and cash flow are generated Net income of $1. 1 million by 2015 will be obtained Simple implementation Faithfull customers will be willing to pay for consistent quality No loss of quality Cons Some customers may be lost Loss of market share Forecasted demand is based on current prices, this could be far different if price increase is included Doesn’t consider the changing tastes of the customers Growth will not be seen Although this is a very good alternative, it is not recommended for Livoria. Reason is, the current demand forecast could be different with price increase. The risk is too high and doesn’t create growth. Recommendation The best option for Livoria at this time is to expand its menu into the vegetarian options. Not only is this the best way to prepare for the future but it will also meet all of the preferences of the stakeholders while aligning with the corporate objectives, mission and vision of the company. The $1. 1 million goal will also be met by the end of 2013. No constraints will be broken. Implementation In order for Livoria to be successful in implementing the menu expansion, it must first contact its suppliers and ensure they can meet the change and increase in veggie demand. Next training and logistics must be arranged in house to adapt to the change in menu options. Quality must be maintained and no short cuts can be made. With the financial analysis provided in Exhibit 4 we see that in order to meet the new demand we must remove other menu items, and limit the production of other menu items (highlighted). A schedule needs to be in place to ensure we are within our time constraints, as at this moment, no new staff can be recruited. Next an advertising campaign is recommended to ensure that the potential vegetarian clients are informed of our new offerings, $20,000 per year in ad expenses has been budgeted. Conclusion With a swift implementation the Livoria brothers can meet their goals without losing focus on the corporate objective and passion that started this business. The future is very bright and Livoria can expect to bounce back as long as we keep an eye on the ever changing demands of the market. Exhibit 1 SWOT Analysis Strengths Faithful Customers High quality Low cost (CM) Location (Zone 1) Restaurant Layout Market share Low employee turnover Fresh Weakness Limited menu Niche target market (sandwiches only, non veggie) Small stores / limited staffing Current Cash flow Tax accountant Opportunities Expand menu to meet local demand Growing market Affordable Vegetable supplier for veggie menu Growing household income can allow for increased prices Very few Sandwich food in Zone 1 Threats Limited suppliers Legal insurance coverage Quarterly Health audits Start up fast food chains Exhibit 2 Franchise Exhibit 3 con’d Exhibit 4 – Expand the Menu Exhibit 4 Con’d Exhibit 5 – Increase Prices

The eNotes Blog Grammar How-To That, Which, andWho

Grammar How-To That, Which, andWho This is Part Four in our Grammar How-To Series. I’ll be brief. It matters, though maybe not the way you think it does. Or maybe exactly the way you think it does. Take the test and find out. 1. Choose the sentence that makes the most sense. a) Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† that is about a crazy guy who bricks up his enemy behind a wall is an excellent read. b) Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Black Cat,† that is about a crazy guy who bricks up his wife behind a wall, is an excellent read. c) Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† which is about a crazy guy who buries an old man beneath his floorboards, seems familiar somehow. 2. Choose the sentence that makes the most sense. a) I owe a debt of gratitude to John Steinbeck, whose novel The  Grapes of Wrath motivated me to clean my room, do my dishes, and accomplish anything that was not reading his novel. b) I also am indebted to Ernest Hemingway who wrote The Old Man and the Sea and gave me a deeper appreciation for allegory and a powerful dislike of fishing. c) Finally, I would like to thank Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick that cured my insomnia and redoubled my determination to avoid ocean fishing. Answers: 1. c   2. a Let’s start with what the sticklers say. For those grammarians with a dash up their semicolon, that should only be used for restrictive clauses, and which for nonrestrictive clauses. The part of me that gets her hyphens in a wad over these issues kind of likes that. The truth, though, is that more and more people are using which restrictively, and it’s particularly common in British English. So if you talk about lifts and torches, or if you’re a free spirit when it comes to your grammar, I can’t prevent you from continuing on your wayward path. So what’s a restrictive clause? You use them when you need to restrict the number of things you could be talking about. The following sentences contain italicized restrictive clauses: I need a theme that will engage readers in this fascinating grammar post. Unfortunately, the only theme that I can come up with relates to the movie that I watched last night. That means the theme that will elucidate the mysteries of relative clauses for you is Jurassic Park. In each of those cases, the italicized segment is restrictive because it helps identify exactly which theme I’m talking about. For example, in the first one, I don’t want just any theme- I need one that will fascinate (ignore the jibe that just came to the tip of your tongue). Also, the only themes on the planet are not â€Å"movies I watched last night† and â€Å"Jurassic Park† (though it did seem that way to me at the time), so it makes sense for me to make those clauses restrictive. What, then, is a nonrestrictive clause? Think of it like a parenthetical asides of nonrestrictive clauses are italicized below: Under her seat Lex found a flashlight, which seemed a useful tool at the time. And yet is a flashlight, which nobody told her to turn on, really a useful tool when you are hiding from a large carnivorous dinosaur? The flashlight, which attracts the attention of the light- and motion-sensitive T-rex, is not a useful tool for Lex at this time. In the first and second examples, even if I got rid of which seemed a useful tool at the time and which nobody told her to turn on, you’d still know which flashlight I’m talking about. It would be pointless to restrict my meaning to only flashlights that seemed useful at the time, because there was only one flashlight in the car. In the third example, as Lex should have known, there was no flashlight in the world that would not attract the attention of the dinosaur overhead; thus I’m at liberty to use a nonrestrictive clause. What about who? Who (or whose, whom, etc.) can be used with either restrictive or nonrestrictive clauses. Sadly, however, you still have to know the difference between the two, because you need to know where to put your commas. Commas should always be used to set off your nonrestrictive clauses. No commas means your nonrestrictive clause is suddenly restrictive, no matter what word you’ve used to begin it. For example, it would not make sense to write Lex who was lucky not to die during the flashlight debacle responds poorly to life-threatening situations. There are not two Lexes in Jurassic Park (which is a good thing, because otherwise nobody would have survived the movie), so there’s no need for you to make the clause restrictive by omitting the comma. It would be better to write Lex, who was lucky not to die during the flashlight debacle, responds poorly to life-threatening situations. It’s a good idea, however, to use a restrictive clause in the sentence The grandchild who got stuck in the tree was only marginally more intelligent. Since there are two grandchildren in the movie, the phrase who got stuck in the tree restricts my meaning and lets you know which of the foolish kids I’m talking about.

How to Improve Editorial Strategy with Tara Clapper [PODCAST]

How to Improve Editorial Strategy with Tara Clapper [PODCAST] Creating an editorial calendar can be a challenge. How can you decide how often to post to your blog without wasting time and energy- or leaving your readers wanting for either more content or more quality? That’s the topic of today’s show: maintaining consistency and a high level of quality while publishing at the right intervals for maximum reader engagement. Our guest is Tara Clapper, who previously managed the blog at SEMrush and now  works for Express Writers. She has honed the blog publication process and has a lot of insight to share with our listeners on when to blog and how to create an effective editorial calendar. Some of the topics that we’ll discuss today include: Tara’s background with SEMrush, including how she learned to balance quality with quantity when it came to posting on the blog. How far out to plan content, and how helps Tara’s whole team stay updated and focused on what’s coming up next. Why working about one month ahead works well for Tara, and how having that â€Å"cushion of days† helps when something urgent comes up that needs to be squeezed in. Why insisting on good pitches from guest authors saves time in the long run. Tips on organizing when you have a lot of different projects happening at once.

Homosexuality, prejudice, and discrimination Essay

Homosexuality, prejudice, and discrimination - Essay Example I agree with Mohr that antigay stereotypes are a means of reinforcing gender roles in society. Since time immemorial, homosexuals are a minority in society. The traditional gender roles came about because the majority of members of society and who are either male or female. Since homosexuality is not the norm, no role has been defined for it except that it breaks the norm. The antigay stereotypes are thus means to reinforce the traditional gender roles in order to â€Å"normalize† the situation and not change the norm. It is precisely these types of thinking that explains the violence against and harassment of homosexuals. People through time for concepts of right and wrong, which become the accepted norms. Although in existence since the history of civilization, homosexuality has always been not freely manifested, even by the homosexual themselves which also reinforces the notion that being homosexual is abnormal, until the present time that more and more homosexuals have gathered the courage to publicize their sexual orientation. Because for a long time, the view of homosexuality is that it is an abnormality and publicized incidents highlight negative aspects, violence against and harassment of homosexuals has resulted. 2. That something is descriptively moral (or immoral) does not make it normatively moral (or immoral). What is the relevance of this point to homosexuality? According to Mohr, the prevailing definition of morality is what is normative or prescribed by society according to its values which consist of mores, norms and customs. This ways of defining morality is what has brought about the contention that homosexuality is immoral because it violates mores, norms and customs. ... However, Mohr contends that something descriptively moral or immoral does not make it normatively moral or immoral. By this he means that even if something can be described as moral or immoral should not automatically be prescribed as moral or immoral. As an example, he used slavery. For many years, people did not see anything immoral about slavery, perhaps because it had some beneficial aspects to it for both slave and master. However, today, slavery is no longer considered moral, especially after societies realized that the practice of slavery violated basic human rights. This example can be plotted against the issue of homosexuality. Not because the prevailing values seem to categorize homosexuality as immoral, it does not make actually immoral. Therefore discriminations against homosexuals is out of place and also violate of human rights. 3. How does Mohr respond to the argument that homosexuality is unnatural because it violates the function of the genitals, which is to produce babies Why does Mohr believe that sexual orientation is not a matter of choice How is this point relevant to the issue of discrimination Are there moral arguments against homosexuality that Mohr has overlooked or not done justice to Mohr uses a number of arguments against the view that homosexuality is unnatural because it violates the function of the genitals. He starts by using biblical references. He says the bible does not univocally condemn homosexuality, therefore homosexuality is not against God's will. And even if the bible does condemn homosexuality, in a democratic society, religion should not be used as justification for its condemnation. On the grounds that homosexuality should be condemned as unnatural, Mohr argues that

Performing and Visual Arts Standardization Essay

Performing and Visual Arts Standardization - Essay Example In Wikipedia Encyclopedia "The visual arts are art forms that focus on the creation of which are primarily visual in nature, such as Painting, Photography, Print making and film making". Those that involve three dimensional objects such as sculpture and architecture are called plastic arts. In Wikipedia Encyclopedia "The performing arts are those forms of art which differ from the plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own body, face and presents as a medium and latter uses material such as clay metal or paint". The teachers of arts should be well read and well informed on arts and artists. They should do research on arts from the past and the present so as to make them thorough with the subject. They should also try to participate in art criticism based on reliable information and clear criteria. The Art teachers should shape the student's ability to think. They should encourage their students to observe arts, and create and use their imaginations. They should make the students organize their thoughts and feelings. The teachers of arts should teach the students to respond in predictable and unpredictable ways.

Gender Inequality In Family

Gender Inequality In Family In this essay I would like to demonstrate that achieving a greater equality in terms of reconciliation of professional and family life requires policies that not only introduce changes in labour market patterns, but also within the private sphere of family. This is to say, the reconceptualisation of womens and mens roles cannot be achieved without the political will descending from above and common social agreement emanating from below. Further along the essay, I am going to complement the theoretical arguments with some practical examples from the European context in order to discuss to what extent family policies enhance or diminish equality between men and women. Demographic changes towards new family patterns One of numerous attributes of the post-industrial era could be defined in terms of feminist claims for gender equality. Indeed, women demands have been part of policy arena in most post-industrial countries. As individuals, women firstly demanded the detachment from their traditional roles of housewives. Later on, due to demographic changes such as low fertility, womens issues became one of the top priorities on political agenda. This time, however, women reclaimed their rights not only as workers, but also as mothers. This political turn shouldnt be regarded as nostalgia for the male bread-winner model. In effect, tough conditions of labour market and economic hardship put women under pressure in terms of making a trade-off between having a family and pursuing a professional career. Subsequently, since a large proportion of women opted for stability employment rather than precariousness providing free care, the fertility rate has started dropping rapidly. Since the societys reprod uction buttresses future states economy, it remains highly questionable if national policies, originally purported to tackle gender inequality, are not more likely to be driven by political preoccupation of deleterious consequences of low fertility on productivity, profitability and competitivity of a country. The fact that until today most of the political effort to eradicate gender equality concentrated on labour market adjustments rather than finding real answers in the core of the problem in family patterns confirms the hypothesis of governments hypocrisy. From the theoretical perspective Although welfare regimes have been more or less successful in equalizing men and women in the labour market, the fact that women still perform the bulk of domestic work gives evidence about the ineffectiveness of these policies in terms of gender equity. In the theoretical field, scholars positions towards the relationship between family and gender have been rather convergent. According to Daly and Lewis (2000) the relationship between family and state has used to be defined in terms of level of contribution of individual to the labour market. Taking this criterion as a universal measure of human ´s contribution, the non-remunerated care giving activities would be therefore omitted since their social value would be considered as negligible. Although this definition would probably more likely correspond to the definition traditional society of industrial era, residues do persist in Western countries persist in form of assigning women to the private sphere of family, while stressing the duties of men as the bread-winners and therefore, the only actors in the public sphere. In tandem with the disproportional relationship between men and women, Lewis (2002:332), for instance, highlights the unequal relationship between women and labour market. She contends that women are only taken into account when working, whereas women that stay at home and care for child ren have not being recognized as legitimate enough to the contribution to the society. This is to say that despite the fact that female participation on the labour market increased steadily during the last twenty years, no considerable change has been achieved at the household level, where the majority of domestic tasks, including cleaning and child rearing activities, continues to be performed by women (Lewis, 2002). On a similar note, Fraser(1994) tries to define the post-industrial welfare regimes through two models. The universal caregiver model (1994:593) assumes men and women as autonomous individuals and aims to attain the gender equity through the guarantee of equal opportunities and equal treatment in the labour market. The other one Caregiver parity model (1994:593) aims to reach gender equity through the support of informal care and generous caregiver allowances. However, because both models are in some aspect discriminating, they fail to alter the gendered conditions of employment and reproduction and therefore, to respond to womens demands. Fraser thus deems that gender equity can only be achieved through the dismantlement of gender opposition between breadwinning and caregiving (Fraser, 1994:611). In other words, the key to achieving gender equity in a postindustrial welfare state is to make womens current patterns the norm (Ibid.). Frasers universal caregiver approach considers ch ildcare responsibilities as the alpha omega of persistent gender inequalities of current welfare systems. Peter McDonald (2002) suggests that in societies where women are treated as autonomous individuals in education and labour market, but as inferior beings in other social male dominated institutions, they are more likely to opt to not to have children. This argument would reinforce his hypothesis that low fertility rate in industrialized countries is most probably due to a persistent gender inequalities since the women willingness to have children didnt change. Surveys such as those conducted my McDonald and Fraser place the issues of childcare at the centre of recent policy making interest. For the reasons discussed above, challenges Western societies are facing since the last two decades specifically the low birth rate, longevity risk and ageing population problem have become more pronounced and have force the policy- making authorities to introduce changes not only in the public sphere, but also in the private sphere. In the second part of my essay, I am going to provide some empirical support from Netherlands and Sweden which tried to tackle the low fertility with gender neutral policies premised on reconciliation of family and work lives. Reconciliation policies in EU In 1997, the Dutch government launched the Combination Scenario programme aimed to promote equal sharing of time between paid and unpaid work among men and women. Since the Dutch culture is based on strong attachment to private and informal care (Platenga et al., 1999), the policy goal was to be achieved through widening employment patterns rather than providing extensive childcare services. Long male and short female working hours were supposed to be equalized through policies such as shorter working week. Nonetheless, whereas public opinion hailed new measures, outcomes of the latter remained far from the initial goal. Part-time contract did not diminish mens working hours, but moreover, it even pronounced the inequality of labour market since women (and not men) continued to opt for part-time contracts in order to care for their children. Platenga et al. therefore conclude: an increase in the amount of time spent in the market without any corresponding change in the organization of unpaid work will not only slow down any progress made towards gender equality, but will also have detrimental effects on the quality of our lives. (1999:109) Here again, the failure of Dutch initiative could be a consequence of putting too much emphasis into the promotion of changes in employment patterns rather than in equal distribution of care time. Some authors suggest that such working-time regimes can either promote or diminish gender equality (Rubery et al, 1998 in Platenga et al, 1999). This would depend on to what extent the institutions and political environment are favourable toward these changes. In the Dutch case, despite the public willingness of change, part-time work continued to be considered as a deviation from full-time norm as well as the care work persisted to be understood as womens responsibility and was therefore, undervalued (Platenga et al., 1999) Unlike other EU countries, Sweden, for instance, has a long history of active women participation in public sphere. Since 1970 women represented up to 50% of elected representatives at all levels of governance (Hantrais, 2000). The women -friendliness of Nordic welfare systems is supposed to be premised on this active female participation in politics. The Nordic model, also called the dual-breadwinner model is women-friendly in the sense of allowing women to participate in public life and on the same time, allowing the reconciliation of motherhood and paid work. Moreover, in 1974 the maternity leave had been replaced by gender neutral parental leave that hitherto enabled men to actively participate in child rearing (Ibid). Although the generosity of Nordic child subventions cant be disputed, Scandinavian welfare system can be also discriminating for some women. Shalev (2008) claims that mother friendly state interventions can have detrimental effects for the labour market attainments of high class women by relegating their type of employment to the public sector and subsequently, limiting their access to high managerial positions. Premised on the idea that childhood determines peoples lifecourse, the post-industrial societies should consider the investment in children as a sine qua non for sustainable development of knowledge economy (Esping-Andersen, 2002). However, due to the cultural differences, the debate about whether support for childcare should be provided through childcare allowances (Netherlands) or whether families should rather benefit from childcare facilities (Sweden) dominates the European agenda. Lewis (2006) contends that increasing attention to children in the political agenda is a result of their future role as adult citizens rather than their role as child qua child (Lewis, 2006:43). As a counter-argument , Esping-Andersen concludes that there is no empirical evidence that mothers work could have detrimental impact on childrens development (Esping-Andersen, 2002). Other authors, however, suggest that key success of equal gender treatment consists in concentrating in private sphere instead o f putting too much effort into the public sphere (Lewis 2006, McDonald 2002). In opposition to the Nordic model, where parents benefit from extensive childcare facilities, some authors deem that care provided by parents themselves cannot be substituted by any public service no matter how good it is (Folbre and Nelson, 2000). In addition to this, Etzioni (1993) deems that the transmission of informal values and norms is more likely to happen in private sphere of family. Subsequently, children socialized in childcare facilities would suffer from lack of so-called parental deficit (Ibid). From the theoretical debate it is difficult and inappropriate to make generalizations about what kind of care is more suitable for children. On the other hand, Lewis argues convincingly that evidence shows a shift in parents opinion about time spent with children from being assumed as a duty to as an important part of self-fulfilment (Lewis, 2006). This is also to say that more fathers have begun to consider their involvement in rearing activities. In Sweden, the fathers month, designed to convince more fathers to take up the parental insurance benefit, was backed up by important political support of so-called fathers group that campaigned for men to perform their role as fathers in taking the parental leave (Hantrais, 2000: 170-1). Successful strategies to tackle gender equality and reconcile work and family life, need to include combined strategies (Esping-Andersen, 2002:66) that would guarantee security through income assurance for those who want to take parental leave and also, measures to provide a stable support for mothers employment, since unemployed and single mothers face the highest poverty risk (European Commission, 2007). Monoparental families at the edge of poverty Despite measures intended to secure access to women into the labour market, solo mothers and lone-parent households continue to be the most vulnerable cohort in term of facing the risk of poverty and unemployment. By the same means, exclusion and poverty in lone-parents household is more likely to become a long-term phenomenon, since childrens development depends on parental and social investment and is very likely to be reproduced (Esping-Andersen, 2002). Following the Report enacted by European Commission, women constitute almost totality of lone parents with an exception of United Kingdom, Denmark, Poland and Germany, where the percentage of young fathers under age 35 varies from 17% (United Kingdom ) up to 25% (in Denmark) (EC, 2007:3). The singleness of lone mothers makes their position in society extremely vulnerable: unlike other forms of family, solo mothers face the double pressure to combine child care and breadwinner responsibilities on the same time. Although some critique could be raised towards Scandinavian welfare systems, Nordic countries occupy the top positions of international rankings and this is unconditionally of the type of conducted survey. However, the application of this model to the rest of European countries would require deep structural changes, especially in terms of more generous budget. Ergo, in the European continental context of scarce budget resources, lone mothers that opt for childcare benefits instead of paid employment, condemn themselves to be more vulnerable to poverty. The key issue to avoid this scenario stems from securing enough flexibility of labour market, so that lone mothers can combine the pleasure of motherhood with a decent employment. Conclusion In this essay I tried to demonstrate that increased individualization which considers men and women as autonomous individuals freed from their family and gender responsibilities does not suffice to guarantee equal conditions for every individual. Subsequently, women become more vulnerable and risk either exclusion from welfare either pressure from labour market. From the theoretical perspective, most of the authors agree that assuring reliable security net requires adjustments of social and working structures to the family, and not to the market. For example, one of the positive outcomes of the Netherlands Combination Scenario had been the application of legal minimum wage to all employees regardless of the amount of working hours (Platenga et al., 1999). This is to say that in order to avoid mens and womens occupational segregation, policy-making authorities should guarantee sufficient adjustment of child care allowances and employment policies so both, men and women can equally con tribute to paid and unpaid work.

Non governmental organizations

Non-government organizations are organizations that are not controlled by government and are non profit making. Their purpose is to provide a service or object in which they are formed for they offer social welfare services to workers and communities in which they operate they play a major role in the society because they determine family structures, family relation and also the education system that would produce effective man power for them and others. NGO, s has control over political power nationality and even power over borders. (Steve. Witt. (2005)They also contribute to the needs of the poor, deals with issues of the religion in a given area and hence impact heavily on the attitude and values that a given community adapts to. NGO, s helps in the contribution of the humanitarian affairs that serve the communities interests. NGO, s also deals with national and multilateral policy making and even local actions, .NGO, s provides employment to the citizens and assist in matters of dividing international authority, help to research, assess, report and publicize details on behalf of those accountable to them. (K.Rodman, (1998).They also deal with stability and security issues. Most non-government doesn’t depend heavily on the government for funding but the government may assist them partially with funds. They thus do not involve government representative within their organization and they also don't involve them in their decision making process.AREAS OF INEFFECTIVENESS, UNACCOUTABILITY AND   Ã‚  Ã‚   ELITIST NATURE OF NGO, SNon-governmental organizations are supposed to be effective on their objectives and also accountable to those they serve. However, this non government organization have increasingly failed by being unaccountable to those they are supposed to work for, they have continually been ineffective in their performance and they have adapted to elitist nature whereby they segregate themselves from others and only work for their own selfish in terest and for the interest of those whose status they consider important to their affairs and has influential power that makes them be treated preferentially this attitude can be termed as a mechanism of elite capture. (Steve. Witt. (2005) â™ «The ineffectiveness, the unaccountability and the elitist nature of NGO, s is evident among much renowned organization and this can be seen to be true when one assesses their performance with regard to the current debate on good governance and civil society. (K.Rodman, (1998).Roles of good governanceThe current debate on good governance and civil society emphasizes on peace building, democratization, quality leadership, responsibility and proper civil institutions. NGO, s should assist in helping in peace building in countries in which they are situated, they should be involved in the resolving existing issues in the country for example by  Ã‚   helping to find solutions to a countries conflicting issues when they arise, mediating disput ing groups when there are ethnic tensions caused by political instability, coming up with measures that will reduce tribalism, nepotism and corruption, help in recovering the economy when the country is experiencing economic depression, assisting the needy   in their surrounding environment for example when natural disaster arise such as flood, earthquake ,terrorist attacks among others, Stabilizing political turmoil being experienced in that particular country and many other issues. (K.Rodman, (1998).However, the current non-government organization do not engage themselves with this issues on the contrary instead of doing this, the NGO, s have left this in the ruin of government and civil societies. Non-governmental organizations have also in some instances contributed to peace downfall by supporting one side of the worrying groups rather than being neutral. They tend to favor that group that have influential power and assumes those who are less powerful.This has made them to be unaccountable and untrustworthy and cannot be depended upon by both the government and the members of the societies who would have otherwise depended on them. The management allows political influences when making decisions which imposes a negative impact to all the organization stakeholders and employees who oppose the decision on the basis that they are not consulted and. this causes conflicts, lots of job turn over, redundancy and withdrawal and this leads to job inefficiency. (K.Rodman, (1998).They have been ineffective with regards to matters of enhancing democratization. This is because they have indulged in politics funding complains and supporting certain politicians who have influence upon them and this has contributed heavily in the reduction of democracy as they do not play their role as pressure group to pressurize the government to observe democracy.Non governmental organization have also been ineffective to help in matters of maturation of nation’s policy and ec onomy other than participating in development and transformations, this organizations involve in the achievement of their own interest that is; what will benefit them other than what will be beneficial to all who are accountable to them, they pursue their own goals without incorporating the objectives of government and civil societies and this leads to lack of goals commonality hence retarding the government policies such as poverty and illiteracy eradication.LeadershipLeadership and quality management are important for any country or institution to have good governance. Non governmental organization are poorly managed because of lack of qualified staff because the recruitment of workforce is based not on technical competence and merit, but on favoritism and thus the management have no proper management skills, the employees under such management thus work with a lot of skepticism and heavy opposition and most of them resist changes and all the rules that the management enforces and this leads to difficulties in implementation of proper practices, policies and procedures that are fundamental in developing strategies that ensures that organizations objectives are met. (K.Rodman, (1998).This also has led to poor selection of policies and allocation of resources. The leadership style in current non-governmental organization is that of authoritative and bureaucratic which ignores human elements due to impersonality of interpersonal relations. This style of leadership imposes rules, norms and procedures to be followed. The leaders make decisions and demands everyone to follow, they do not allow the other members of staff to be involved when making decisions and they harshly react when the rules they enforces are not properly followed this causes slow development, work delays, inefficiency and frustrations to citizens, employees and any other stakeholders and this reduces the effectiveness of NGO, s as a whole. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),Corruption eradication is a key i ssue in good governance especially in Africa. . NGO, s are faced with issues of corruption where they demands bribery to assist in matters they were supposed to deliver to the citizens without demanding any form of payment and this makes them unaccountable to those who rightfully depended on their services. (sH.Englund, (2004) There’s also a lot of misappropriation of funds and lack of proper fund management. This causes inadequate funding leading to shortage of resources to implement their policies and this can also eventually lead to the liquidation of the organization. When organization funds are mismanaged it causes serious implications, which makes the organization unaccountable and inefficient, which leads them to a step back to transparency and accountability. This vice has passed on to civil societies and government at large.Environmental issuesNGO, s engages in activities that are harmful to the surrounding environment. This is by social unethical and unaccountable a ctivities. For example, they may engage in activities that involves emissions of exhaustive gases that pollute the environment or even have technological machinery that produce disturbing noises around the environment they are situated in.They often do not take   proper measures and responsibility   to eradicate this implication arguing that since they are a non profit making organizations, members of the communities should take care of their environment and the fact that they are in needs of the organizations   services   they should allow them to deliver them respectfully without dealing with environmental issues. This causes negative impacts to the community and it has hampered the life of the society and animals especially where there is water and air pollution. They can be termed as negligence of the virtue of accountability to the society.( K.Rodman, (1998).NGO, s has turned into a mechanism of elite capture. They tend to involve only the elite in formulation of their policies. (H.Englund, (2004) There is lack of representation of civil society as a whole and the marginalized social movements are sidelined. Regional consultative of African non-governmental organizations, s and civil society organization lay foundation for the governance forum stressed on role of women in leadership. It has been observed that there is evident gender inequality within these organizations.Few non government organizations in Africa have observed this as few women are employed or hold decision making positions in management of NGO, s. the elites in NGO, s have various skills that they can utilize in government running but they are trapped in the NGO, s. in addition, instead of involving the locals to do various jobs they subcontract them. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),NGO, s has been ineffective because of selective area of operations. They concentrate in certain areas than the others. This makes those sidelined areas not to enjoy their operations. The NGO, s may not operate in certain areas that have poor infrastructure, lack of effective communications and lack of technology. This has led to unequal distribution of resources. The NGO, s have not helped in establishment of proper running civil institutions and instead they leave this role to the government  ConclusionIn order to ensures that non-governmental organizations work effectively and successfully there is need to ensure that there is interactions of workers, formal and informal groups, government itself and any other influential factors to the organization. Democratic involvement by this organization should be considered as it is equally and critically important in enhancing the effectiveness of this organization. (Carrie Meyer, (1999),   They should be committed to implement their services to all interested stakeholders successfully.They should also avoid favoritism and avoid authoritative leadership and adapt to other ways of leading that will bring about motivation and morale of workers in the organization. Non governmental organizations should also ensure that they take responsibility and take the necessary actions required of them when their activities imposes harm to the surrounding environment. (Steve. Witt. (2005) They should also ensure that all non-governmental organizations are effective, efficient and accountable and are not expressed as mechanism of elitist capture. References:l   Steve. Witt. (2005). Changing roles of NGO, s in the creation.l   Sangeeta Kamat. (2002), development hegemony, American university pressl   Carrie Meyer, (1999), The economics and politics of NGO, s in Latin American; praeger publisher.l   Maha abreirahman, (2004), the politics of NGO, s in Egypt; the American university press 5H.Teegen(2003) international NGO, s as global institution; Journals of international managementl   K.Rodman, (1998). Think globally; vol 12l   Daniel .a. Bell and Jean Marc (2004) university pressl   H.Englund, (2004), prisoners of freedom ; human rights and Africa poor.l   S, Goonahlak, (2006). Journal, foreign fundedl   Lyal.s.Sunga, (2003), NGO, s involvement in international human rights monitoring

Gender Identity Free Or Predetermined Essay - 965 Words

Gender Identity: Free To Choose Or Predetermined? When Jordan Smith was fifteen years old she finally realized just how different she was in comparison to other girls her age. She hated wearing dresses, never wore makeup, had the â€Å"tomboy† look, and felt like she never fit in with girls her age. She always hung out with the boys and did what they did. She could have easily passed for a boy. So one day she finally decided that she was no longer a female and became a male. Jordan finally felt accepted for who he was. He could express himself in a way that made him love himself. Sadly everyone he knew called him a heathen and condemned him to Hell. They told him that no one loved or cared about him. This hurt him to the core. So one night he could not cope with it anymore and killed himself by jumping from his second story window onto the busy road below. Now this is the story of Charlie Stevenson and his change. Charlie grew up doing what typical little boys do like swimming in the creek, pretending to be a superhero, playing army in the woods, and being rambunctious. He was always running around playing with all the other little boys but he felt different, like he did not fit in with them. As he grew older he had less male friends and began to make more female friends. After a while his parents noticed this change but did not say anything. They thought it was just a phase. Well, when Charlie turned fifteen he decided he no longer wanted to be a male and started dressing moreShow MoreRelatedBook Review : The Scrivener And Kate Chopin s Story Of An Hour 1581 Words   |  7 Pagesrebellion of the protagonists when the people around them fail to understand the significance of their presence and their passive resistance. Symbolism, irony and a distinct style of speech significantly contribute to plots rooted in retaining the identity of the self by refusing to conform. Nonetheless, the dramatic changes in tone throughout Story of An Hour and an unpredictable ending versus Bartleby’s silent rebellion and equally passive death elevate Chopin’s work to one that revolutionizes theRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Charlie Stevenson And His Change Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagesdecides to switch genders. Jordan and Charlie are fictionalized, but many people go through similar trials every year. Typically we use the words gender and sex to mean the same thing. However, according to the Oxford dictionary â€Å"The word gender is used to describe cultural and social differences and the word sex to describe biological differences between males and females. Since the fourteenth century, we have used the word gender to help classify nouns as masculine, feminine, or gender neutral, butRead MoreFor The Majority Of People, It Is Understood Before High1032 Words   |  5 Pageshigh school what the difference between sex and gender is. Sex refers to the biological differences at birth amongst males and females, but in today’s society the definition of gender is not so black and white. While the dictionary still incorrectly defines gender as, â€Å"the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles† the current meaning and proper definition of the word gender has evolved (†Gender†). Breaking free from the constraints placed by society and the obsoleteRead MoreGender And Its Effects On Society1558 Words   |  7 PagesThey can be an astronaut, a pilot, the president or even find the cure to cancer. Yet, all of this is rubbish! What children are sadly forced to learn as they grow up is that some things in life are predetermined, even who and what people are. The truth is no one has any control of their identity because society chooses who and what people are, Society separates the rich from the poor, the messiahs from the outcasts and strong from the frail. Regardless of background, society subjects the individualRead MoreGender Differences Between Sex And Gender911 Words   |  4 Pages Now in our generation there has been great controversy about what gender you are and what kind of love you believe in. One thing many people fail to realize is that your gender and your designated sex are two completely different things. Not only is there that divide between sex and gender but there is pre-determine d rules that everyone is expected to follow that is connected to their specific gender. Because gender is an ever-changing thing for some there needs to be the support for those wishingRead MoreSummary : Muller V. Oregon1540 Words   |  7 Pagesjudiciary actions taken only reinforce gender formations- once again attacking the plea for equal opportunity. Because of this alarming backlash in societal equity, the Supreme Court’s decision should be deemed unjust. Although the case recognizes the significance of employee rights in the workforce, the decision is restricted to the sole protection of female workers and only reiterates the hegemonic and patriarchal ideologies that attack the progression of socio-gender equality through legislative actionRead MoreThe Biggest Act Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesThese two words: female (or male) vs. woman (or man), are not realistically identical. The terms (female or male) indicates sex; whereas, the other terms signify the gender. T he problem is that we have become so involved daily within this terminology that we forgot how distinct they really are. These terms bring about a lot of identity issues. The fact of the matter is not that the person would have this problem in a natural sense; but instead within a cultural context. The cultural construct ofRead MoreFeminism in Anthem Essay822 Words   |  4 Pagesare born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?† She questions the societal norm of women in predetermined constrictive roles. This theme of a submissive and obedient female pervades many literary works, specifically those by Ayn Rand. Rand’s portrayal of women in her novel Anthem further drives the female into a position of inferiority. The descriptions and labels applied to Liberty are Rand’s way of demonstrating man’s dominance over women. A person’s name is their identity. When someoneRead MoreKate Nelsons Genre Defying Work The Argonauts2293 Words   |  10 PagesMaggie Nelson’s genre-defying work The Argonauts (2015) embraces instability and complexity in identity through eliciting a parallel between the renewal of the Argo in the Greek Myth â€Å"Jason and the Argonauts† and language: â€Å"Just as the Argo’s parts may be replaced over time but the boat is still called the Argo, whenever the lover utters the phrase ‘I love you,’ its meaning must be renewed by each us, as ‘the very task of love and of language is to give to one and the same phrase inflections whichRead MoreSociety : A Horror Story Essay1206 Words   |  5 Pagesmortal nature. Why are we they way we are? Why do we do the things we do or feel the way we feel? Scientists and philosoph ers have almost always dedicated their causes to the study of biology or religion, continuously giving humanity’s gender, sexuality and identity a basis from a scientific or religious perspective. Science is supposed to be correct. After all, that IS the basis of science. Yet how many times has the world thought to be flat and proved wrong? And the sun, which was thought to be